Beitzah 5:1 - 5:2

משילין פירות דרך ארובה – whomever has fruit or produce spread out on his roof to dry out, and he saw rain coming slowly, they permitted him to go to the trouble and to cast them through an aperture in the roof, and they fall to the ground, for there is no excess trouble, and specifically an aperture, for every aperture is from above to below [in the ceiling of the roof] but a window, such as a roof that is surrounded by partitions and window I in the wall, and one must raise it up to the window to cast it, all of this the Rabbis did not permit and to be painstaking.

ומכסין את הפירות – but we don’t say that it is toil that is not for the needs of the Festival day, but because of the loss of money, the Rabbis permitted it.

דלף – rain that drips from the roof.

וכן כדי יין וכדי שמן – that cover them because of the drippings [from the roof].

תחת הדלף – to receive the water so that it should not soil the house. But if the utensil became filled, he pours it out and repeats it and is not prevented [from doing so].

כל שחייבין עליו – that the Sages forbade to do on Shabbat because of Rabbinic decrees to enhance the character of the Shabbat/Festivals as a day of rest.

או משום רשות – that there is in a bit of a Mitzvah, but not a large Mitzvah, but it is near to being an optional act, but there is within it a prohibition from the words of the Scribes.

או משום מצוה – or there is within an actual Mitzvah/commandment, and the Sages prohibited doing it on the Sabbath.

וחייבין עליו – not to do it on the Festival.

ואלו הן משום שבות – that the Sages placed upon him to abstain from doing but there isn’t in their performance any kind of Mitzvah.

לא עולין באילן – a decree lest he tear off [a branch].

ולא רוכבין על גבי בהמה – a decree lest he cut a vine-shoot to drive the animal.

ולא שטין על פני המים – a decree lest he make a swimmer’s bottle (see Tractate Kelim, Chapter 2, Mishnah 3 – used for practicing).

ולא מטפחין – hand upon hand.

ולא מספקין – hand upon the leg.

ולא מרקדין – on the Festival, and all of them are a decree lest he repair a musical instrument.

ואלו הן משום רשות – because oof those of the ending section of the Mishnah which are a complete Mitzvah, regarding them we call these “optional.”

לא דנין – a judgement, and sometimes it is optional, such as when there is a larger city than this one, and it is not upon him to judge.

ולא מקדשין – the betrothal of a woman. For sometimes, it is not a complete commandment but rather optional, such as when he has a wife and children.

ולא חולצין ולא מיבמין – also at the time when he has an older brother than him, it is option, but it is a great Mitzvah to perform a levirate marriage and the reason for all of them is lest he write [documents].

ולא מעריכין – the value of this thing is upon me, and he gives according to the years, as it is written in the portion of valuations (Leviticus 27:1-8).

ולא מחרימין – behold this animal is devoted to God. And a mere devotion of an animal is for the treasury of the Temple. And all of them, the Rabbis forbad because they are similar to business transactions where one removes it from his domain to the domain of the Sanctified.

ולא מגביהין תרומות ומעשרות – and even in order to give them to the Kohen on the same day that is appropriate, for because of the Rejoicing on the Festival that the Kohen who needs them, he separates them (i.e., the tithes), and nevertheless, it is prohibited, for it is considered like repairing. And these words concerning produce that yesterday were eatables forbidden prior to the separation of sacred gifts, that currently such as dough one has to separate Hallah from, we separate it on the Festival and give them to the Kohen.

אין בין יו"ט לשבת אלא אוכל נפש בלבד (this part of the Mishnah is also found in Tractate Megillah, Chapter 1, Mishnah 5) – this anonymous teaching is according to the School of Shammai which states that we do not take out the minor nor the Lulav nor a Torah scroll into the public domain, for taking out was only permitted for the purpose of the preparation of food. But we hold like the School of Hillel which states that since removal was permitted for the purposes of the preparation of food, it is also permitted for that which is not needed [for food preparation]. And there are those who state that we let down pieces of fruit through an aperture in the roof looking to the ground floor at the beginning of our Chapter (Mishnah 1), that it is prohibited on the Sabbath, but that is permitted on the Festival.