Oholos 13:1 - 13:2

העושה מאור ((he who leaves a light-hole/opening – in the wall – from the start – when building) – a window that is made for its light.

בתחילה – because they need to need the concluding clause: "שיירי המאור"/”remnants of the light,” it teaches in the first clause, “from the start”/"בתחילה".

מקדח גדול של לשכה (the full capacity of a large borer/drill of the chamber) – It is like the Italian Dupondium and like the Neronian Sela and it has the full capacity of a hole of a yoke/pole. If it has in the window like this measure, it brings the defilement to the other side.

שיירי המאור – if thee remains from the window that is not concealed.

חררוהו מים- that the cave was not made at the hand of a person but rather through the running water.

או שרצים – as for example the mole/weasel and the mouse.

או שאכלתו מלחת (or formed through corrosion produced by saline corrosion) – that the land is filled with saline corrosion and it burst forth on its own.

מלא אגרוף – the fist of Ben Battiah (see Tractate Kelim, Chapter 17, Mishnah 12 – Ben Battiah is the nephew of Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai, one of the leaders of the terrorists during the siege of Jerusalem by the Romans) – a large person whose fist was like the large head of all people.

חישב עליו לתשמיש – a window that that the running waters or the reptiles made, that he gave thought to use it and to leave there his belongings.

למאור – to bring in light.

הסריגות (the lattice In the windows) – the partitions which are like net-work in zig-zag that they make in widows of storehouses.

והרפפות (loose lattice work with wide meshes – used for sheds) – partitions that are zig-zag that they make in windows of summer houses where they sit there to cool off.

מצטרפות כמלוא מקדח – the airspace that is between the lattice in the windows, even though there isn’t in one place like the breadth of a hole of a borer/drill, they combine amongst all of them to the size of a borer.

להביא את הטומאה ולהוציא את הטומאה – this is not referring to the dispute between the School of Shammai and the School of Hillel, but it refers to the measurements of the first clause of the Mishnah. And this is what he said: The size of the hole of the large drill/borer and the size of the fist [of Ben Battiah] and the opening of a handbreadth that we stated, all of these measurements, whether to bring in the defilement into the house or whether to remove the defilement from the house. But Rabbi Shimon disputes this, and holds, whether to bring in or whether to remove, for all of them their measurement is the opening of a handbreadth, and Shimon does not have the measurement of the size of the hole of the borer or the size of the fist at all. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Shimon.

חלון העשוי לאויר – o bring in the air of the world, that is the window that is made for its light. And because it was necessary to teach that he built a house outside of it, he went back and repeated the teaching.

בנה בית חוצה לה – opposite the window, and the airspace of the window was voided.

שיעורה בפותח טפח – like the window that is made for usage.

נתן את התקרה באמצע החלון – that the window is found half it of it above the ceiling and half of it below.

החלון התחתון בפותח טפח – like the law of the window made for usage, for here there is no air.

והעליון מלוא מקדח – that above from the ceiling is for the air.