Taharos 4:12 - 4:13

זו טהרת פרישות – as it is taught in the Mishnah [Tractate Hagigah, Chapter 2, Mishnah 7]: “The clothing of those who are not careful in their observance of the laws of ritual purity/עם הארץ is in the status of מדרס/Levitical uncleanness arising from a person with gonorrhea immediate contact caused by treading, and the clothing of Pharisees are considered Midras with regard to those who consume heave offering.” But if there is doubt regarding one of the Pharisees who consume [their unconsecrated food] in ritual purity, if he came in contact with the clothes of a person who is not careful in his observance of the laws of ritual purity or didn’t come in contact with it, and similarly, a person who eats heave-offering (i.e., a Kohen) and there is doubt if he had contact with the clothing of the Pharisees and the heave-offering was defiled, their manner of doubt is considered ritually pure.

ספק שרצים – he cast a creeping animal between the loaves [of bread], it is doubtful if it touched the loaves at the time that it passed over them, it is doubtful that it did not touch [them]. If he found it that it didn’t touch [the loaves], behold the loaves are like the time that he found them, and their matter of doubt is ritually pure.

עד שלא נזקק לטומאה (before it had been subjected to a ruling of uncleanness) – In Chapter Five of [Tractate] Negaim (Mishnayot 4-5) it explains how [this is the case].

ספק נזירות – as, for example, that he said: Behold I am a Nazirite if there is in this heap/pile one hundred KOR, if he went and found that it had been stolen or that he lost it, it is doubt that it had it [and it is doubtful that it didn’t have it, it is permitted [for him] to drink wine and to become defiled with corpses.

ספק בכורות – it is doubtful if it (i.e., the child or the animal) is the firstborn [of its mother] or not.

אחד בכורי אדם – except from giving five Selaim (i.e., coins) to a Kohen.

ואחד בכורי בהמה טמאה – the first born of a donkey

שהמוציא מחבירו עליו הראיה – that he said to the Kohen: “Bring proof that he is a first born and pay the head-tax.

ספק קרבנות – how so? The woman who has a doubt of five miscarriages that were in doubt. מביאה קרבן אחד – a sin-offering of a fowl that comes for a doubt.

ואוכלת בזבחים – that this sacrifice comes to compete her ritual purity and it is like ritual immersion, for if the woman was defiled several defilements, one ritual immersion counts for all of them, even this sacrifice as well.

ואין השאר עליה חובה – the Sages did not require her to bring them (the other sacrifices), for even the one, with difficulty, they permitted to bring a doubtfully pinched unconsecrated offering to the Altar, but in order to make for her an ordinance to be ritually pure to eat Holy Things.