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Today's Mishnah Yomi

Kesuvos 8:4 - 8:5

The Mishnah Yomi for Wednesday, January 31, 2024 is Kesuvos 8:4 - 8:5

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Mishnah 1

Mishnayos Kesuvos Perek 8 Mishnah 4

כתובות פרק ח׳ משנה ד׳

4
Rabbi Shimon says: In a case where his right is superior upon her entrance to the marriage, his right is inferior upon her exit if he divorces her. Conversely, in a case where his right is inferior upon her entrance, his right is superior upon her exit. How so? With regard to produce that is attached to the ground, if she married while owning such produce, upon her entrance it is his, in accordance with the opinion of the Rabbis, and upon her exit, when he divorces her, it is hers, as it is considered part of her property. But in the case of produce that is detached from the ground, upon her entrance it is hers, and if such produce is detached before their divorce, upon her exit it is his, as he was already entitled to all the produce of her property.
רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, מְקוֹם שֶׁיָּפֶה כֹחוֹ בִכְנִיסָתָהּ, הוּרַע כֹּחוֹ בִיצִיאָתָהּ. מְקוֹם שֶׁהוּרַע כֹּחוֹ בִכְנִיסָתָהּ, יָפֶה כֹחוֹ בִיצִיאָתָהּ. פֵּרוֹת הַמְחֻבָּרִין לַקַּרְקַע, בִּכְנִיסָתָהּ שֶׁלּוֹ וּבִיצִיאָתָהּ שֶׁלָּהּ. וְהַתְּלוּשִׁין מִן הַקַּרְקַע, בִּכְנִיסָתָהּ שֶׁלָּהּ וּבִיצִיאָתָהּ שֶׁלּוֹ:
ד׳

ביציאתה – if he comes to divorce her.

פירות המחוברים לקרקע בכניסתה שלו – meaning to say, at the time of their falling/coming [into inheritance] they are his (i.e., the husband’s) according to the words of the Sages, but there is a difference between the Sages and Rabbi Shimon regarding produce that was attached [to the ground] at the time of her going forth [from the marriage; i.e., divorce}, but the Sages do not speak of them and they don’t hold [this way] regarding that that Rabbi Shimon stated, that when she went forth [from the marriage because of divorce], whatever grew in his domain is his, but the Halakha is according to Rabbi Shimon.

ביציאתה. אם בא לגרשה:

פירות המחוברים לקרקע בכניסתה שלו. כלומר בשעת נפילתן שלו, כדברי חכמים. ואיכא בין חכמים לר״ש פירות המחוברין בשעת יציאה, דלא איירי בהו חכמים ולית להו הא דאמר ר״ש ביציאתה שלה דקסברי, מה שגדל ברשותו שלו. והלכה כר״ש:

Mishnah 2

Mishnayos Kesuvos Perek 8 Mishnah 5

כתובות פרק ח׳ משנה ה׳

5
If elderly slaves or maidservants were bequeathed to her, they are sold and land is acquired with them, and the husband consumes the produce of the land. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: She need not sell these slaves and maidservants, because they are assets of her paternal family, and it would be shameful to the family if they were sold to others. Likewise, if old olive trees or grapevines were bequeathed to her, they are sold and land is acquired with them, and he consumes the produce. Rabbi Yehuda says: She need not sell them, because they are assets of her paternal family. With regard to one who pays expenditures for his wife’s property in an effort to improve it, if he paid a large amount in expenditures and ate only a small amount of produce before he divorced her, or if he paid a small amount in expenditures and ate a large quantity of produce, that which he spent he has spent, and that which he ate he has eaten. Therefore, none of it need be returned. However, if he paid expenditures for the property and did not eat any part of it, he takes an oath with regard to how much he paid and then takes his expenditures.
נָפְלוּ לָהּ עֲבָדִים וּשְׁפָחוֹת זְקֵנִים, יִמָּכְרוּ וְיִלָּקַח בָּהֶן קַרְקַע וְהוּא אוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹת. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, לֹא תִמְכֹּר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן שְׁבַח בֵּית אָבִיהָ. נָפְלוּ לָהּ זֵיתִים וּגְפָנִים זְקֵנִים, יִמָּכְרוּ לְעֵצִים וְיִלָּקַח בָּהֶן קַרְקַע וְהוּא אוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, לֹא תִמְכֹּר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן שְׁבַח בֵּית אָבִיהָ. הַמּוֹצִיא הוֹצָאוֹת עַל נִכְסֵי אִשְׁתּוֹ, הוֹצִיא הַרְבֵּה וְאָכַל קִמְעָא, קִמְעָא וְאָכַל הַרְבֵּה, מַה שֶּׁהוֹצִיא הוֹצִיא, וּמַה שֶּׁאָכַל אָכָל. הוֹצִיא וְלֹא אָכַל, יִשָּׁבַע כַּמָּה הוֹצִיא וְיִטֹּל:
ה׳

רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר לא תמכור – she can prevent/detain it and the Halakha is according to him.

רבי יהודה אומר לא תמכור – and the Halakha is according to him.

קימעא – a small amount and even just a little bit.

ישבע במה הוציא ויטול – and this oath is similar to the Torah and these words [regard] that there was improvement/gain corresponding to the [financial] outlay or more, but if the outlay was greater than the improvement/gain, he should take the oath of the Torah that he made an outlay corresponding to the improvement/gain, and he should take corresponding to the improvement/gain and the rest he loses. And all of this [occurs] when the husband divorced her. But if she rebelled, whether the husband consumed or whether he did not consume, he should take an oath how much he spent and take corresponding to the improvement/gain and in property of mort-main, all the improvement/gain belongs to the husband, for we say, that if he increased [his outlay], he increased for himself.

רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר לא תמכור. יכולה היא לעכב. והלכתא כוותיה:

רבי יהודה אומר לא תמכור. והלכתא כוותיה:

קימעא. דבר מועט ואפילו כל שהוא:

ישבע כמה הוציא ויטול. ושבועה זו כעין של תורה היא, והני מילי, שהיה השבח כנגד ההוצאה או יותר, אבל אם היתה ההוצאה יתירה על השבח ישבע שבועת התורה שהוציא כנגד השבח ויטול כנגד השבח בלבד והשאר יפסיד. וכל זה כשגירשה הבעל, אבל אם מרדה היא, בין אכל הבעל בין לא אכל, ישבע כמה הוציא ויטול כנגד השבח. ובנכסי צאן ברזל, כל השבח של בעל, דאמרינן אם הוסיפו הוסיפו לו:

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