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Today's Mishnah Yomi

Kesuvos 8:2 - 8:3

The Mishnah Yomi for Tuesday, January 30, 2024 is Kesuvos 8:2 - 8:3

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Mishnah 1

Mishnayos Kesuvos Perek 8 Mishnah 2

כתובות פרק ח׳ משנה ב׳

2
Rabbi Shimon distinguishes between one type of property and another type of property: Property that is known to the husband she may not sell once she is married, and if she sold it or gave it away, the transaction is void. Property that is unknown to the husband she may not sell, but if she sold it or gave it away, the transaction is valid.
רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן חוֹלֵק בֵּין נְכָסִים לִנְכָסִים. נְכָסִים הַיְדוּעִים לַבַּעַל, לֹא תִמְכֹּר. וְאִם מָכְרָה וְנָתְנָה, בָּטֵל. שֶׁאֵינָן יְדוּעִים לַבַּעַל, לֹא תִמְכֹּר. וְאִם מָכְרָה וְנָתְנָה, קַיָּם:
ב׳

נכסים ידועים לבעל ונכסים שאינן ידועים – there are those who interpret “known property” from land, and that which is “not known [property]” as movable property and there are those who state that both (i.e., landed property and movable possessions) are known and these are the ones that are not known: all [the while] that she sits/dwells here and property fell/came to her abroad. And the Halakhic decision is that whether [we are speaking of] property that fell/came to her until she had become betrothed, or whether they fell/came to her from after she was betrothed, if she sold them after she got married, the husband removes [them] from the hand of the purchaser – the usufruct during her lifetime and the body of the land after her death. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Shimon who divides between property that is known to the husband to possessions which are not known.

נכסים ידועים לבעל ונכסים שאין ידועים. אית דמפרשים נכסים ידועים, מקרקעי. ושאין ידועים, מטלטלי. ואית דאמרי, אלו ואלו ידועים הם. ואלו הם שאינם ידועים, כל שהיא יושבת כאן ונפלו לה נכסים במדינת הים. ופסק ההלכה, בין נכסים שנפלו לה עד שלא תתארס ובין שנפלו לה משנתארסה אם מכרה אותם אחר שנישאת הבעל מוציא מיד הלקוחות פירות בחייה וגוף הקרקע לאחר מיתתה. והלכה כר״ש שחולק בין נכסים הידועים לבעל לנכסים שאינם ידועים:

Mishnah 2

Mishnayos Kesuvos Perek 8 Mishnah 3

כתובות פרק ח׳ משנה ג׳

3
If money was bequeathed to a woman as an inheritance while she was married, land is acquired with it, and the husband consumes the produce of the land while the principal remains hers. If she inherited produce that is detached from the ground, it is considered like money; therefore, land is acquired with it and he consumes the produce of the land. With regard to produce that is attached to the ground, Rabbi Meir says: One evaluates how much the land is worth with the produce, and how much it is worth without the produce, and the difference between these sums is the surplus value that belongs to the woman. Land is then acquired with the surplus and he consumes the produce. And the Rabbis say: That which is attached to the ground is his, as he is entitled to the produce from her property and he may therefore eat from it. And that which is detached from the ground is hers, like all other money she brings to the marriage, and land is acquired with it and he consumes the produce.
נָפְלוּ לָהּ כְּסָפִים, יִלָּקַח בָּהֶן קַרְקַע וְהוּא אוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹת. פֵּרוֹת הַתְּלוּשִׁין מִן הַקַּרְקַע, יִלָּקַח בָּהֶן קַרְקַע וְהוּא אוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹת. וְהַמְחֻבָּרִין בַּקַּרְקַע, אָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר, שָׁמִין אוֹתָן כַּמָּה הֵן יָפִין בְּפֵרוֹת וְכַמָּה הֵן יָפִין בְּלֹא פֵרוֹת, וְהַמּוֹתָר, יִלָּקַח בָּהֶן קַרְקַע וְהוּא אוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹת. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, הַמְחֻבָּרִין לַקַּרְקַע, שֶׁלּוֹ. וְהַתְּלוּשִׁין מִן הַקַּרְקַע, שֶׁלָּהּ, וְיִלָּקַח בָּהֶן קַרְקַע וְהוּא אוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹת:
ג׳

שמין אותן – for he (i.e., Rabbi Meir) holds that what grew in his domain, they are usufruct, and what didn’t grow in his domain, they are the principal; therefore, what that the monetary [value] of the land is expensive now for this produce, it is principal, and he needs to give her the money and purchase with them land and he eats its usufruct.

וחכמים אומרים – even those that did not grow in his domain, the status of usufruct has been given to them for since that the land belongs to her, and Halakha is according to the Sages.

שמין אותן. דקסבר מה שגדל ברשותו הוו פירות ומה שלא גדל ברשותו הוי קרן. ולפיכך מה שדמי הקרקע יקרים עכשיו בשביל תבואה זו, הוי קרן, וצריך ליתן לה דמים וילקח בהן קרקע והוא אוכל פירותיה:

וחכמים אומרים. אף אלו שלא גדלו ברשותו תורת פירות נתנו בהם, הואיל והקרקע קיימא לה. והלכה כחכמים:

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