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Today's Mishnah Yomi

Yevamos 4:13 - 5:1

The Mishnah Yomi for Saturday, November 11, 2023 is Yevamos 4:13 - 5:1

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Mishnah 1

Mishnayos Yevamos Perek 4 Mishnah 13

יבמות פרק ד׳ משנה י"ג

13
Which offspring of forbidden relations have the status of a mamzer? It is the offspring of a union with any next of kin that is subject to a Torah prohibition that he should not engage in sexual relations with them; this is the statement of Rabbi Akiva. Shimon HaTimni says: It is the offspring of a union with any forbidden relation for which one is liable to receive karet at the hand of Heaven. And the halakha is in accordance with his statement. Rabbi Yehoshua says: It is the offspring of a union with any forbidden relation for which one is liable to receive court-imposed capital punishment. Rabbi Shimon ben Azzai said: I found a scroll recording people’s lineages in Jerusalem, and it was written in it that so-and-so is a mamzer from an adulterous union with a married woman, a sin punishable by court-imposed capital punishment. The only reason for the scroll to state the reason that this individual is a mamzer is in order to support the statement of Rabbi Yehoshua. The mishna delineates the circumstances in which it is prohibited to engage in relations with the sister of one’s wife and the sister of one’s yevama: If a man’s wife died, he is permitted to her sister. If he divorced her and then she died, he is permitted to her sister. If he divorced his wife and then she was married to another and then died, he is permitted to her sister. If his yevama died, he is permitted to her sister. If he performed ḥalitza with her and then she died, he is permitted to her sister. If after ḥalitza she was married to another and then died, he is permitted to her sister. The principle underlying all these cases is that the prohibition against engaging in relations with her sister only applies while the wife or yevama remain alive, irrespective of their current relationship to the man.
אֵיזֶהוּ מַמְזֵר, כָּל שְׁאֵר בָּשָׂר שֶׁהוּא בְלֹא יָבֹא דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. שִׁמְעוֹן הַתִּימְנִי אוֹמֵר, כָּל שֶׁחַיָּבִין עָלָיו כָּרֵת בִּידֵי שָׁמַיִם. וַהֲלָכָה כִדְבָרָיו. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, כָּל שֶׁחַיָּבִים עָלָיו מִיתַת בֵּית דִּין. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן עַזַּאי, מָצָאתִי מְגִלַּת יֻחֲסִין בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם וְכָתוּב בָּהּ, אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי מַמְזֵר מֵאֵשֶׁת אִישׁ, לְקַיֵּם דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ. אִשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁמֵּתָה, מֻתָּר בַּאֲחוֹתָהּ. גֵּרְשָׁהּ וָמֵתָה, מֻתָּר בַּאֲחוֹתָהּ. נִשֵּׂאת לְאַחֵר וָמֵתָה, מֻתָּר בַּאֲחוֹתָהּ. יְבִמְתּוֹ שֶׁמֵּתָה, מֻתָּר בַּאֲחוֹתָהּ. חָלַץ לָהּ וָמֵתָה, מֻתָּר בַּאֲחוֹתָהּ:
י"ג

כל שאר בשר שהוא בלא יבא – every nearness which is [a violation of] a negative commandment and even if there is no extirpation [attached to it].

כל חייבי כרת – but not those who are liable [for violating] a negative commandment, and such is the Halakha. For all that whose prohibition is a prohibition of extirpation, the offspring is illegitimate/Mamzer, except from that of a menstruant woman, but with those who violate negative commandments, the offspring are not Mamzerim/illegitimate.

כל שאר בשר שהוא בלא יבא. כל קורבה שהיא בלאו, ואפילו אין בה כרת:

כל חייבי כרת. אבל לא חייבי לאוין. וכן הלכה, שכל שאיסורו אסור כרת הולד ממזר, חוץ מן הנדה. אבל מחייבי לאוין אין הולד ממזר:

Mishnah 2

Mishnayos Yevamos Perek 5 Mishnah 1

יבמות פרק ה׳ משנה א׳

1
Rabban Gamliel says: A bill of divorce [get] is not effective when given after a bill of divorce was previously given to a yevama. Once a yevama receives a bill of divorce from a yavam, no bill of divorce given by that yavam to her rival wife or a bill of divorce given to her by a different yavam is of any effect. And levirate betrothal is not effective after a previous levirate betrothal was performed, and intercourse with a second yevama is not effective after intercourse with the first one, and ḥalitza is not effective after ḥalitza was previously performed. But the Rabbis say: A bill of divorce is effective when given after a bill of divorce, and levirate betrothal is effective after levirate betrothal, but nothing is effective after intercourse or after ḥalitza. If a yavam has relations with the yevama or performs ḥalitza with her, no other action performed afterward is effective, whether performed by that yavam toward a different yevama or by any yavam with the original yevama.
רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אֵין גֵּט אַחַר גֵּט, וְלֹא מַאֲמָר אַחַר מַאֲמָר, וְלֹא בְעִילָה אַחַר בְּעִילָה, וְלֹא חֲלִיצָה אַחַר חֲלִיצָה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יֵשׁ גֵּט אַחַר גֵּט, וְיֵשׁ מַאֲמָר אַחַר מַאֲמָר, אֲבָל לֹא אַחַר בְּעִילָה וְלֹא אַחַר חֲלִיצָה כְּלוּם:
א׳

רבן גמליאל. אין גט אחר גט – two widows without children from a deceased husband awaiting a levirate connection of one levir from one brother, and he gave a Jewish bill of divorce to the first, and then returned and gave a Jewish bill of divorce to the second [woman], the female relatives of the second are not prohibited to him , for that would be like his divorced wife. For when he gives a Jewish bill of divorce to the first [woman], the levirate relationship has no legal effect on both of them from him for the Jewish bill of divorce is beneficial for the widow without children from a deceased husband to maintain her [with the Biblical verse] (Deuteronomy 25:9): “who will not build up [his brother’s house],” and furthermore, he will not perform levirate marriage, neither him nor his other brothers not for the Yevamah/widow whose husband died without issue nor her co-wife. Therefore, when he returns and gives a second Jewish bill of divorce to the second [widow], there is nothing in his actions, and it is like he is giving a Jewish bill of divorce to a mere stranger. And similarly, two levirs to one widow without children whose husband is deceased and this one [levir] gave a Jewish bill of divorce and that [levir] gave a Jewish bill of divorce, the latter is not anything and he is permitted to her female relatives.

ולא מאמר אחר מאמר -.between two levirs and one widow whose husband died without children, or with one levir and two widows. The latter is nothing and she doesn’t require from him a Jewish bill of divorce and he is permitted to her female relatives.

יש גט אחר גט – the first [Jewish bill of divorce] did not supersede her levirate relationship completely for she requires Halitzah; therefore, there is still one-half of her levirate relationship and the second Jewish bill of divorce to the second [widow] is beneficial for his divorced wife and he is prohibited to her relatives, and such is the Halakha.

רבן גמליאל. אין גט אחר גט. שתי יבמות ליבם אחד מאח אחד, ונתן גט לראשונה וחזר ונתן גט לשניה, לא נאסרו קרובות השניה עליו למיהוי כגרושתו, דמכי יהיב גט לראשונה פקעה זיקת שתיהן מעליו, דגט מהני ביבמה למיקם עלה בלא יבנה, ושוב לא ייבם לא הוא ולא שאר האחים לא ליבמה שקבלה הגט ולא לצרתה, הלכך כי הדר ויהיב גט שני לשניה אין במעשיו כלום והוי כנותן גט לאשה נכרית דעלמא. וכן שני יבמין ליבמה אחת ונתן זה גט וזה גט. האחרון אינו כלום ומותר בקרובותיה:

ולא מאמר אחר מאמר. בין שני יבמין ליבמה אחת בין ביבם אחד ושתי יבמות, האחרון אינו כלום ואינה צריכה ממנו גט ומותר בקרובותיה:

יש גט אחר גט. דקמא לא דחה זיקתה לגמרי דהא בעיא חליצה, הלכך אכתי איכא פלגא זיקה ואהני גט שני לשניה למיהוי גרושתו ואסור בקרובותיה. וכן הלכה:

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