Mishnayos Zevachim Perek 1 Mishnah 2
Change text layout:
זבחים פרק א׳ משנה ב׳
Yosei ben Ḥoni says: Not only are the Paschal offering and the sin offering unfit when slaughtered not for their sake, but also other offerings that are slaughtered for the sake of a Paschal offering and for the sake of a sin offering are unfit. Shimon, brother of Azarya, says that this is the distinction: With regard to all offerings, if one slaughtered them for the sake of an offering whose level of sanctity is greater than theirs, they are fit; if one slaughtered them for the sake of an offering whose level of sanctity is less than theirs, they are unfit. How so? Offerings of the most sacred order, e.g., sin offerings and burnt offerings, that one slaughtered for the sake of offerings of lesser sanctity, e.g., peace offerings, are unfit. Offerings of lesser sanctity that one slaughtered for the sake of offerings of the most sacred order are fit. Likewise, there is a distinction between different offerings of lesser sanctity. The firstborn animal and the animal tithe that one slaughtered for the sake of a peace offering are fit, as the sanctity of peace offerings is greater. Peace offerings that one slaughtered for the sake of a firstborn animal or for the sake of an animal tithe are unfit.
יוֹסֵי בֶן חוֹנִי אוֹמֵר, הַנִּשְׁחָטִים לְשֵׁם פֶּסַח וּלְשֵׁם חַטָּאת, פְּסוּלִים. שִׁמְעוֹן אֲחִי עֲזַרְיָה אוֹמֵר, שְׁחָטָן לְשֵׁם גָּבוֹהַּ מֵהֶם, כְּשֵׁרִין. לְשֵׁם נָמוּךְ מֵהֶם, פְּסוּלִים. כֵּיצַד. קָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים שֶׁשְּׁחָטָן לְשֵׁם קָדָשִׁים קַלִּים, פְּסוּלִין. קָדָשִׁים קַלִּים שֶׁשְּׁחָטָן לְשֵׁם קָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים, כְּשֵׁרִין. הַבְּכוֹר וְהַמַּעֲשֵׂר שֶׁשְּׁחָטָן לְשֵׁם שְׁלָמִים, כְּשֵׁרִין. וּשְׁלָמִים שֶׁשְּׁחָטָן לְשֵׁם בְּכוֹר, לְשֵׁם מַעֲשֵׂר, פְּסוּלִין:
Bartenura
הנשחטים לשם פסח. כל שאר זבחים שנזבחו בארבעה עשר בניסן לשם פסח. פסולים. וכן שנזבחו לשם חטאת בכל זמן, פסולים. כי היכי דאינהו פסולים לשם אחרים. ופליג אתנא קמא דמתניתין דאמר כל הזבחים שנזבחו שלא לשמן כשרים. ואמר איהו, ובלבד שלא ישחטם לשם פסח ולא לשם חטאת:
שמעון אחי עזריה. נקרא כן, על שם שעזריה עסק בפרקמטיא והיה מספק צרכי שמעון אחיו שהיה עוסק בתורה, והתנו ביניהם שיהא חלק לעזריה בשכר תלמודו של שמעון:
שחטן. לשאר זבחים:
לשם גבוה מהן. כדמפרש ואזיל. כשרים:
לשם נמוך מהן. לשם זבח שהוא פחות מהן בקדושה:
פסולים. דכתיב (ויקרא כ״ב:ט״ו) ולא יחללו את קדשי בני ישראל את אשר ירימו לה׳, במורם מהם אין מתחללים, בנמוך מהם מתחללים. ואין הלכה כר׳ יוסי בן חוני, ולא כשמעון אחי עזריה:
בכור ומעשר בהמה. בהמה. נמוכין משלמים, מפני שהשלמים טעונים מתן ארבע, כלומר שתי מתנות שהן ארבע, וסמיכה ונסכים, ותנופת חזה ושוק. משא״כ בבכור ובמעשר דדמן טעון מתנה אחת, ואין סמיכה ונסכים נוהגת בהן, ולא תנופת חזה ושוק:
הנשחטים לשם פסח – all of the rest of the sacrifices which were offered on the fourteenth of Nisan for the sake of the Passover offering are invalid. And similarly, that were offered for the sake of a sin-offering at aall times are invalid. For just as they are invalid for the sake of others. But he disputes the first Teacher of our Mishnah who sated ((see the beginning of Mishnah 1 of this chapter): “All of the sacrifices that were offered not fortheir sake are valid. But he said, as long as they are not slaughtered for the sake of the Passover offering nor for the sake of the sin-offering.
שמעון אחי עזריה—he is called thus, on account that Azariah engaged in practical matters and would provide for the needs of his brother Shimon who was engaged with Torah, and between them, they made a condition that part of the reward for the study by Shimon would go to Azariah.
שחטן – for the rest of the sacrifices.
לשם גבוה מהן – as will be explained further on. They are fit.
שלם נמוך המן – for the sake of a sacrifice which is less from them in holiness.
פסולים – as it is written (Leviticus 22:15): “But [the priests] must not allow the Israelites to profane the sacred donations that they set aside for the LORD,” what is higher than them are not degraded/desecrated; that which is lower than them, they degrade/desecrate them. But the Halalkha is not either according to Rabbi Yossi ben Honi nor like Shimon the brother of Azariah.
בכור ומעשר – [the tithing of cattle. Which are lower than peace-offerings, for the peace offering require the giving of four (i.e., two gifts of blood on the altar which are four,, which are one in the northeastern corner and one in the southwestern corner. And it is found that the blood is spread around the four directions of the altar -see Tractate Zevakhim Chapter 10, Mishnah 2), and placing of the hands and libations, and the waving of the breast and the shoulder. But this is not the case with the firstling and the tithe, whose blood requires only one gift, and there is no laying of the hands nor libations that are practiced with them, nor the waving of the breast and shoulder.