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Perek 7

Mishnayos Temurah Perek 7 Mishnah 6

תמורה פרק ז׳ משנה ו׳

6
And with regard to all sacrificial animals that were slaughtered with the intent to sacrifice or consume them beyond their designated time or outside their designated place, those animals shall be burned. With regard to a provisional guilt offering brought by one who is uncertain as to whether he committed a sin that renders him liable to bring a sin offering, if he discovers that he did not sin, the offering shall be burned, as its legal status is like that of an unfit offering. Rabbi Yehuda says: It shall be buried. A sin offering of the bird that comes due to an uncertainty, e.g., in the case of a woman who miscarried and she is uncertain whether it was a fetus, shall be burned, as it may not be eaten due to the uncertainty and because the nape of its neck was pinched and it was not slaughtered. Rabbi Yehuda says: One should cast it into the Temple courtyard drain, as the young bird will decompose and be drawn into the stream outside the Temple. The principle is: All items that are buried shall not be burned, and all items that are burned shall not be buried. Rabbi Yehuda says: If one wished to impose a stringency upon himself by burning items that are to be buried, he is permitted to burn them. The Rabbis said to Rabbi Yehuda: One is not permitted to change the method of destruction, as this could lead to a leniency, since it is permitted to derive benefit from the ashes of items that require burning, whereas it is not permitted to derive benefit from the ashes of items that require burial.
כָּל הַקֳּדָשִׁים שֶׁנִּשְׁחֲטוּ חוּץ לִזְמַנָּן וְחוּץ לִמְקוֹמָן, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יִשָּׂרְפוּ. אָשָׁם תָּלוּי, יִשָּׂרֵף. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, יִקָּבֵר. חַטַּאת הָעוֹף הַבָּאָה עַל סָפֵק, תִּשָּׂרֵף. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, יְטִילֶנָּה לָאַמָּה. כָּל הַנִּשְׂרָפִין לֹא יִקָּבְרוּ, וְכָל הַנִּקְבָּרִים לֹא יִשָּׂרְפוּ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם רָצָה לְהַחֲמִיר עַל עַצְמוֹ לִשְׂרֹף אֶת הַנִּקְבָּרִים, רַשַּׁאי. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אֵינוֹ מֻתָּר לְשַׁנּוֹת:
ו׳

חוץ לזמנן – on condition of eating them outside their [appropriate] time or outside of their [appropriate] place.

ישרפו – as it is written (Leviticus 6:23): “[But no purification offering (i.e., sin-offering) may be eaten from which any blood is brought into the Tent of Meeting for expiation in the sanctuary;] any such shall be consumed by fire,” which teaches about all those disqualified things that are in a holy state, that they are burned.

אשם תלוי – if he slaughtered it but prior to the sprinkling of its blood, it became known to hm that he didn’t sin, for now it is an unconsecrated [animal] in the Temple courtyard.

חטאת העוף הבאה על הספק – as, for a example, a woman who had an abortion, it is doubtfully an offspring, and doubtfully a spirit/soul, since the sin-offering for a woman giving birth is from the birds, as it is written (Leviticus 12:6): “[On the completion of her period of purification, for either a son or a daughter, she shall bring at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting, a lamb in its first year for a burnt-offering,] and a pigeon or a turtledove for a purification (i.e., sin-offering) offering,” she brings it on the doubt, for it does not rise up in smoke (i.e., through offering incense), it does not matter to us if he sprinkled the blood on this doubtful [sacrifice, and it is not eaten, for lest it was not an offspring and it was an unconsecrated animal or something that died of itself, for unconsecrated animals are not eaten through the pinching of the neck, and it should burn, for it is like all other disqualified Holy Things.

יטילנה לאמה – a canal was passing in the Temple and it goes out to the Kidron valley stream, and we are speaking of a young bird that gradually decays/softens in the continuous flow of water.

כל הנשרפין לא יקברו – for perhaps a person would die and find them and eat them.

וכל הנקברין לא ישרפו – because everything that is buried, its ashes are forbidden. But all of things that are burned such as leaven/Hametz, and tithe and mixed seats, its ashes are permitted for the washing of clothing. And similarly, all of the dedicated things that are burned, also their ashes are permitted, except for the removal of the ashes from the altar, as the All-Merciful wrote (Leviticus 6:3): “[and he shall take up the ashes to which the fire has reduced the burnt offering on the altar] and place them beside the altar.” And it is taught in a Baraitha: “and he shall place them”/ושמו – gently, “and he shall place them” – all of it, “and he shall place them” – so that it doesn’t scatter.

רבי יהודה אומר כו' – But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda in each of the three segments of our Mishnah.

חוץ לזמנן. על מנת לאכלן חוץ לזמנן או חוץ למקומן:

ישרפו. מדכתיב בחטאת באש תשרף, לימד על כל פסולים שבקודש שהן בשריפה:

אשם תלוי. אם שחטו וקודם זריקת דמו נודע לו שלא חטא, דהשתא הוי חולין בעזרה:

חטאת העוף הבאה על הספק. כגון אשה שהפילה ספק ולד ספק רוח, כיון דחטאת יולדת מן העוף הוא כדכתיב (ויקרא י״ב:ו׳) ובן יונה או תור לחטאת, מביאתה על הספק, דהואיל ואינה נקטרת לא איכפת לן אי זרק דם על הספק, ואינה נאכלת, דשמא לאו ולד הוה וחולין היא זו ונבילה, דאין חולין נאכלים במליקה, ותשרף דהויא כשאר קדשים פסולים:

יטילנה לאמה. אמת המים היתה עוברת בעזרה ויוצאת לנחל קדרון. ואיידי דעוף רך הוא מתמקמק ויוצא בקילוח המים:

כל הנשרפין לא יקברו. דלמא חפר אינש ומשכח להו ואכיל להו:

וכל הנקברין לא ישרפו. משום דכל הנקברים אפרן אסור. וכל הנשרפין כגון חמץ ותרומה וכלאים, אפרן מותר לכיבוס בגדים. וכן כל הנשרפין דהקדש, נמי אפרן מותר, חוץ מתרומת הדשן דכתב ביה רחמנא (שם ו׳) ושמו אצל המזבח. ותניא, ושמו, בנחת. ושמו, כולו. ושמו, שלא יפזר:

רבי יהודה אומר כו׳. ואין הלכה כרבי יהודה בכל הנך תלתא בבי דמתניתין.