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Perek 3

Mishnayos Temurah Perek 3 Mishnah 1

תמורה פרק ג׳ משנה א׳

1
These are the sacrificial animals for which the halakhic status of their offspring and substitutes is like their own halakhic status: The offspring of peace offerings, and their substitute animals, and even the offspring of their offspring or their substitute animals, and even the offspring of their offspring, until the end of all time [ad sof kol ha’olam]. They are all endowed with the sanctity and halakhic status of peace offerings, and therefore they require placing hands on the head of the animal, and libations, and the waving of the breast and the thigh in order to give them to the priest. Although the previous mishna stated plainly that the offspring of a peace offering is itself sacrificed as a peace offering, its status is actually subject to a dispute between the tanna’im. Rabbi Eliezer says: The offspring of a peace offering is not sacrificed on the altar as a peace offering; rather it is sequestered and left to die. And the Rabbis say: It is sacrificed as a peace offering. Rabbi Shimon said: Rabbi Eliezer and the Rabbis do not disagree with regard to the status of the offspring of the offspring of a peace offering or with regard to the status of the offspring of the offspring of the substitute of a peace offering. In those cases, they all agree that the animal is not sacrificed on the altar as a peace offering. With regard to what case do they disagree? They disagree about the case of the offspring of a peace offering itself. Rabbi Eliezer says: It is not sacrificed as a peace offering, whereas the Rabbis say: It is sacrificed. Rabbi Yehoshua and Rabbi Pappeyas testified about the offspring of a peace offering that it is sacrificed as a peace offering. Rabbi Pappeyas said: I testify that we ourselves had a cow that was a peace offering, and we ate it on Passover, and we ate its offspring as a peace offering on a different Festival.
אֵלּוּ קָדָשִׁים שֶׁוַּלְדוֹתֵיהֶן וּתְמוּרוֹתֵיהֶן כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן. וְלַד שְׁלָמִים, וּתְמוּרָתָן, וּוְלָדָן, וּוְלַד וְלָדָן עַד סוֹף הָעוֹלָם, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כִשְׁלָמִים, וּטְעוּנִים סְמִיכָה וּנְסָכִים וּתְנוּפָה וְחָזֶה וָשׁוֹק. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, וְלַד שְׁלָמִים לֹא יִקְרַב שְׁלָמִים. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יִקְרָב. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, לֹא נֶחְלְקוּ עַל וְלַד וְלַד שְׁלָמִים וְעַל וְלַד וְלַד תְּמוּרָה, שֶׁלֹּא יִקְרַב. וְעַל מַה נֶּחְלְקוּ, עַל הַוָּלָד, שֶׁרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, לֹא יִקְרַב, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יִקְרָב. הֵעִיד רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְרַבִּי פַּפְּיַס עַל וְלַד שְׁלָמִים, שֶׁיִּקְרַב שְׁלָמִים. אָמַר רַבִּי פַּפְּיַס, אֲנִי מֵעִיד, שֶׁהָיְתָה לָנוּ פָרָה זִבְחֵי שְׁלָמִים, וַאֲכַלְנוּהָ בְפֶסַח, וְאָכַלְנוּ וְלָדָהּ שְׁלָמִים בֶּחָג:
א׳

אלו קדשים. וולד ולדן עד סוף העולם – in the Gemara (Tractate Temurah 17b), the objection is raised, since it taught [in the Mishnah], “their offspring” (i.e., their offspring and the substitute’s offspring), why do I need, “the offspring of their offspring to infinity?” Because our teacher/Tanna heard Rabbi Eliezer who said further on [in this Mishnah] that the offspring of peace-offerings are not offered as peace-offerings, because of this, the Tanna taught, “the offspring of their offspring to infinity,” meaning to say, not only with their offspring do I not agree with you, (since for him, the young has the law of the mother), but even “to infinity,” I do not agree with you (since even then, the young has the law of the mother).

ולד שלמים לא יקרב שלמים – but rather he brings it in to the vaulted chamber (i.e., closing the barn door without food until they died) and it dies [there]. According to the Rabbis, because of a decree, if you had said the offspring of peace-offerings have a remedy, one would come to delay to the mother until she would give birth and raise a herd from the the offspring, and they would come to have shearing and work.

לא נחלקו על ולד ולד שלמים – the Sages agree with Rabbi Eliezer that the offspring of offspring of peace-offerings that it should not be offered, for his intention was known from his actions that he needed to raise a herd/flock. But the legal decision is according to the first Tanna/teacher that the offspring of their offspring until eternity, they are like peace-offerings.

העיד רבי יהושע וכו' – and not according to Rabbi Eliezer. And this testimony is true and [the] Halakha.

ואכלנו ולדה שלמים בחג – it is stated on the holiday of Shavuot, for if he would wait and look forward to the holiday of Sukkot (which is the normal meaning of the word, חג when used without a modifier), it is found that he would violate a positive commandment (Deuteronomy 12:5-6): “there you are to go, and here you are to bring [your burnt offerings and other sacrifices],” that implies that on the first Festival that you go there, bring all of the votive offerings that are upon you. However, regarding the negative commandment (Deuteronomy 23:22): “[When you make a vow to the LORD your God,] do not put off fulfilling it, [for the LORD your God will require it of you, and you will have incurrent guilt],” you do not violate until there has passed over you three Festivals.

אלו קדשים. וולד ולדן עד סוף העולם. בגמרא פריך, כיון דתני וולדן, ולד ולדן עד סוף העולם למה לי. משום דשמעיה תנא דידן לר׳ אליעזר דאמר לקמן ולד שלמים לא יקרב שלמים, משום הכי תנא ולד ולדן עד סוף העולם, כלומר, לא מיבעיא בולדן דלא מודינא לך, אלא אפילו עד סוף העולם לא מודינא לך:

ולד שלמים לא יקרב שלמים. אלא כונסו לכיפה ומת. מדרבנן. משום גזירה, דאי אמרת ולד שלמים יש לו תקנה, אתי לשהויי לאם עד שתלד ויגדל עדרים מן הולדות ואתו בהו לידי גיזה ועבודה:

לא נחלקו על ולד ולד שלמים. מודים חכמים לר׳ אליעזר בולד ולד שלמים דלא יקרב, שמחשבתו ניכרת מתוך מעשיו דלגדל עדרים בעי. ופסק ההלכה כתנא קמא שולד (ולד) ולדן עד סוף העולם הרי אלו כשלמים:

העיד רבי יהושע וכו׳ דלא כר׳ אליעזר. ועדות זה אמת והלכה:

ואכלנו ולדה שלמים בחג. בחג השבועות קאמר, שאם היה ממתין ומצפה לחג הסוכות, נמצא עובר בעשה, שנאמר (דברים י״ב:ה׳-ו׳) ובאת שמה והבאתם שמה, דמשמע ברגל ראשון שתבוא שמה, תביא כל נדרים שעליך. מיהו בלאו דלא תאחר אינו עובר עד שיעברו עליו שלש רגלים: