Mishnayos Shevuos Perek 6 Mishnah 6
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שבועות פרק ו׳ משנה ו׳
Rabbi Meir says: There are certain items that are physically on the land but are not treated like land from a halakhic perspective, and the Rabbis do not concede to him concerning this point. How so? If one makes the claim: I assigned you ten grapevines laden with fruit to safeguard, and the other one says: They are only five vines, Rabbi Meir deems the defendant liable to take an oath, as he admitted to a part of the claim, and although the claim concerned grapevines, the primary aspect of the claim was the grapes. And the Rabbis say: The halakhic status of anything that is attached to the land is like the land itself, and therefore he is exempt from taking an oath. One takes an oath only concerning an item that is defined by size, by weight, or by number. How so? If the claimant says: I transferred to you a house full of produce, or: I transferred to you a pouch full of money, and the other person says: I do not know how much you gave me, but what you left in my possession you may take, and the amount in the house or pouch at that time is less than that claimed by the claimant, the defendant is exempt from taking an oath, as the amounts in the claim and the admission are undefined. But if this party says that the house was full up to the ledge, and that party says that it was full up to the window, the defendant is liable to take an oath, as the dispute relates to a defined amount.
רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, יֵשׁ דְּבָרִים שֶׁהֵן כַּקַּרְקַע וְאֵינָן כַּקַּרְקַע, וְאֵין חֲכָמִים מוֹדִים לוֹ. כֵּיצַד, עֶשֶׂר גְּפָנִים טְעוּנוֹת מָסַרְתִּי לָךְ, וְהַלָּה אוֹמֵר אֵינָן אֶלָּא חָמֵשׁ, רַבִּי מֵאִיר מְחַיֵּב שְׁבוּעָה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, כָּל הַמְחֻבָּר לַקַּרְקַע הֲרֵי הוּא כַקַּרְקַע. אֵין נִשְׁבָּעִין אֶלָּא עַל דָּבָר שֶׁבַּמִּדָּה וְשֶׁבַּמִּשְׁקָל וְשֶׁבַּמִּנְיָן. כֵּיצַד, בַּיִת מָלֵא מָסַרְתִּי לָךְ וְכִיס מָלֵא מָסַרְתִּי לָךְ, וְהַלָּה אוֹמֵר אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ אֶלָּא מַה שֶּׁהִנַּחְתָּ אַתָּה נוֹטֵל, פָּטוּר. זֶה אוֹמֵר עַד הַזִּיז וְזֶה אוֹמֵר עַד הַחַלּוֹן, חַיָּב:
Bartenura
רבי מאיר אומר יש דברים שהם כקרקע. ענבים העומדות ליבצר הוא דאיכא בין חכמים לרבי מאיר, דרבי מאיר סבר ענבים העומדות ליבצר כבצורות דמיין, וחכמים סברי לאו כבצורות דמיין. והלכה כחכמים. ודוקא בדין שומרים, אבל גבי מקח וממכר ואונאה ומודה במקצת הטענה, בכל הני קיי״ל דדבר העומד ליבצר כבצור דמי. וכן הלכה:
עד הזיז. קורה של עליה הבולטת מתוך הבית. וכללא דמלתא, לעולם אינו חייב שבועה דאורייתא עד שיטעננו דבר שבמדה או שבמשקל או שבמנין, ויודה לו במקצת המדה או במקצת המשקל או מקצת מנין:
רבי מאיר אומר יש דברים שהם כקרקע – grapes that are about to be cut down is what distinguishes between the Sages and Rabbi Meir, for Rabbi Meir holds that gapes that are about to be cut are considered as [already] cut/harvested, but the Sages hold that they are not like they are cut/harvested. But the Halakha is according to the Sages. And especially in the law [relating to] the bailees, but regarding buying and selling, and overcharging and admitting to part of the claim, , in all of these, we hold that something about to be cut/harvested is like it was cut already, and such is the Halakha.
עד הזיז (an attachment, a projection from the door frame serving as a shed over the entrance) – beam of a upper story that projects from the house, and the general principle of the matter, is that he is always not liable for an oath according to the Torah until he makes a claim against him with something specifying a concrete measure, or a weight or a measure, and he admits to him part of his measure or part of the weight or part of the number.