Mishnayos Pesachim Perek 2 Mishnah 3
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פסחים פרק ב׳ משנה ג׳
If a gentile lent money to a Jew, and the Jew gave him leavened bread as collateral until after Passover, and after Passover the gentile retains this leavened bread in lieu of payment, then one is permitted to derive benefit from this leavened bread. Since the leavened bread was retained by the gentile based on the transfer that took place prior to Passover, the leavened bread is considered to have belonged to the gentile during Passover. Whereas if a Jew lent money to a gentile, and leavened bread was given as collateral during Passover in the same manner as in the previous case, then after Passover it is forbidden to derive benefit from this leavened bread. Since this leavened bread was considered to be in the Jew’s property during Passover, it is forbidden to derive benefit from it afterward. Leavened bread upon which a rockslide has fallen is considered as though it has been eliminated, and it is not necessary to dig it up in order to burn it. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: Any leavened bread that has been covered to such an extent that a dog cannot search after it is considered to have been eliminated.
נָכְרִי שֶׁהִלְוָה אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל עַל חֲמֵצוֹ, אַחַר הַפֶּסַח מֻתָּר בַּהֲנָאָה. וְיִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁהִלְוָה אֶת הַנָּכְרִי עַל חֲמֵצוֹ, אַחַר הַפֶּסַח אָסוּר בַּהֲנָאָה. חָמֵץ שֶׁנָּפְלָה עָלָיו מַפֹּלֶת, הֲרֵי הוּא כִמְבֹעָר. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, כָּל שֶׁאֵין הַכֶּלֶב יָכוֹל לְחַפֵּשׂ אַחֲרָיו:
Bartenura
נכרי שהלוה לישראל. מעות על חמצו קודם הפסח, ואמר לו הישראל אם לא הבאתי לך מעות עד יום פלוני קנה מעכשיו. וכגון שהרהינו אצלו בביתו ושהה אצל הנכרי כל ימי הפסח.
לאחר הפסח מותר בהנאתו. דכיון דמטא זמניה ולא פרעיה לא הוי מחוסר גוביינא דברשותו של נכרי היה, אגלאי מילתא למפרע דמשעה שהרהינו אצלו הוה דידיה:
וישראל שהלוה לנכרי כו׳ אגלאי מלתא למפרע דשל ישראל הוה:
הרי הוא כמבוער. ואף על פי כן צריך לבטלו, שמא יפקח הגל במועד ונמצא עובר עליו:
כל שאין הכלב יכול לחפש אחריו. וכמה היא חפישת הכלב, ג׳ טפחים:
נכרי שהלוה לישראל – [a heathen who lent an Israelite] money on his leavened products [as a collateral] prior to Passover, and the Israelite said to him, “if I don’t bring you the money by such-and-such a date, buy them from now.” And for example, he pledged this to him with him in his house and it (i.e., the Hametz/leavened products) remained with the heathen all the days of Passover.
לאחר הפסח מותר בהנאתו – for since the time arrived and he (i.e., the Israelite) did not pay him (i.e., the heathen) back, this is not wanting collection (i.e., not yet collected) for it was in the domain of the heathen, the matter was revealed retroactively that from the time that he pledged with him, it was his (i.e., the heathen’s).
וישראל שהלוה לנכרי כו' – the matter was revealed retroactively that it belonged to the Israelite.
הרי הוא כמבוער – and even though he must nullify it, lest he open up a heap of debris during the festival and it would be found that he violates [the prohibition of “lest it be seen with you”].
כל שאין הכלב יכול לחפש אחריו – and how far does a dog reach in digging (see Talmud Pesahim 31b)? Three hand-breadths.