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Mishnayos Parah Perek 10 Mishnah 2

פרה פרק י׳ משנה ב׳

2

One who was clean for the hatat waters who touched something that has madaf uncleannes, he becomes unclean. A flask that was designated for the hatat waters that touched something that has madaf uncleanness, it becomes unclean. One who was clean for the hatat waters who touched food or liquids with his hand, he becomes unclean, but if he did it with his foot he remains clean. If he moved them with his hand: Rabbi Joshua says that he becomes unclean, And the sages say that he remains clean.

הַטָּהוֹר לְחַטָּאת שֶׁנָּגַע בְּמַדָּף, טָמֵא. לָגִין שֶׁל חַטָּאת שֶׁנָּגַע בְּמַדָּף, טָמֵא. הַטָּהוֹר לְחַטָּאת שֶׁנָּגַע בְּאֳכָלִים וּמַשְׁקִים, בְּיָדוֹ, טָמֵא. וּבְרַגְלוֹ, טָהוֹר. הֱסִיטָן בְּיָדוֹ, רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִים:

ב׳
Bartenura

שנגע במדף טמא – The upper part of a person with gonorrhea is called a מדף /Maddaf for if there were on top of a person with gonorrhea tent-covers one on top of another, all of them are impure through indirect contact for conferring ritual impurity, even the uppermost one that the person with gonorrhea did not have contact with. Just as [the case of] ten mattresses/beds one on top of the other and a person with gonorrhea lay down on the uppermost one, all of them are ritually impure according to the Torah because of lying, and even though he didn’t come in contact/touch the lowest ones, so also the upper tent-covers that are upon the person with gonorrhea, all of them are impure according to the Rabbis because of indirect contact/מדף and מeven though he did not come in contact with them. But there is a distinction between lying to indirect contact by shaking/מדף, that the person [who defiles] by lying becomes a primary source of ritual uncleanness/אב הטומאה to defile people and vessels, but the מדף/indirect contact through shaking is not other than a secondary source of impurity/ולד הטומאה to defile food and liquids but because of the stringency of the purification/sin-offering, people and vessels that came in contact in an indirect manner through shaking/מדף are impure for a purification/sin-offering (see also Tractate Eduyot, Chapter 6, Mishnah 2 and Tractate Zavim, Chapter 4, Mishnah 6).

לגין של חטאת (a flagon/bottle – smaller than a pitcher and larger than a cup of purification water) – it is a vessel that only requires rinsing to be restored to Levitical cleanness, and he wants to put in it the purification water.

שנגע במדף, טמא – and it requires ritual immersion.

שנגע באוכלין ומשקין – and even if they are ritually pure for heave-offering [for Kohanim] and for Holy Things.

בידו טמא – according to the law of impure food and liquids which defile the hands, that someone who is ritually pure for heave-offering and for Holy Things is invalid for purification/sin-offering, and further, there is an additional stringency regarding the purification/sin-offering that its body was defiled. And therefore, when it touched his hand with food and liquids it is impure.

ר' יהושע מטמא – for he decreed that shaking an object so as to move it from place to place is because of contact/touching. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehoshua.

שנגע במדף טמא. עליונו של זב קרוי מדף, שאם היו על גבי הזב עשר מכסאות זו על גבי זו כלן טמאין מדף, אפילו העליונה שלא נגע בה הזב. כשם שעשר מצעות זו על גבי זו ושכב הזב בעליונה כלן טמאות דאורייתא משום משכב ואע״פ שלא נגע בתחתונות, כך המכסאות העליונות שעל גבי הזב טמאים דרבנן משום מדף ואע״פ שלא נגע בהן. ואיכא בין משכב למדף, שהמשכב נעשה אב הטומאה לטמא אדם וכלים, והמדף אינו אלא ולד הטומאה לטמא אוכלים ומשקים, אלא משום חומרא דחטאת, אדם וכלים שנגעו במדף טמאים לחטאת:

לגין של חטאת. כלי שטף הוא ורוצה להכניס בו מי חטאת:

שנגע במדף. טמא וצריך טבילה:

שנגע באוכלין ומשקין. ואפילו שהן טהורין לתרומה ולקודש:

בידו טמא. כדין אוכלין ומשקין טמאים שהן מטמאין את הידים, שהטהור לתרומה ולקודש פוסל בחטאת, ועוד יש חומרא יתירה גבי חטאת דנטמא [ידיו נטמא] גופו, והלכך כשנגע בידו באוכלים ומשקין טמא:

ר׳ יהושע מטמא. דגזר היסט אטו נגיעה. ואין הלכה כרבי יהושע: