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Mishnayos Beitzah Perek 1 Mishnah 1

ביצה פרק א׳ משנה א׳

1

With regard to an egg that was laid on a Festival (Eduyyot 4:1), Beit Shammai say: It may be eaten even on that day, and Beit Hillel say: It may not be eaten, as the Gemara will explain at length. Apropos this exceptional case, in which Beit Shammai are lenient and Beit Hillel are strict, the mishna cites additional halakhot of the Festivals in which this unusual phenomenon occurs (Yoma 79b). Beit Shammai say: Leaven, i.e., dough that has leavened to such an extent that it is no longer used as food but as a leavening agent for other dough, is prohibited on Passover in the measure of an olive-bulk. However, the measure for edible leavened bread is greater, that of a large date-bulk. And Beit Hillel say: For both this and that, the measure is that of an olive-bulk.

בֵּיצָה שֶׁנּוֹלְדָה בְיוֹם טוֹב, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, תֵּאָכֵל. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, לֹא תֵאָכֵל. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, שְׂאֹר בְּכַזַּיִת וְחָמֵץ בְּכַכּוֹתֶבֶת. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, זֶה וָזֶה בְּכַזָּיִת:

א׳
Bartenura

ביצה שנולדה ביו"ט – [on Yom Tov] which is after Shabbat is what we are dealing with. And the reason of the School of Hillel which states “it may not be eaten,” because an egg laid today was fully developed yesterday (Talmud Betzah 2b), and it results that Shabbat would prepare for Yom Tov, and the Torah states (Exodus 16:5): “But on the sixth day, when they apportion [what they have brought in, it shall prove to be double the amount they gather each day],” for a regular Friday is a weekday, on a weekday one prepares for Shabbat, and on a weekday one prepares for a Yom Tov/Festival, for a Festival is also called Shabbat, one does not prepare on a Yom Tov for Shabbat nor does one prepare on Shabbat for a Yom Tov. And preparation like this of the egg, even though it is in the hands of heaven, it is called preparation. However, Shabbat and Yom Tov are important, as they require that their meals have preparation/designation on a weekday, and on one of them, one can prepare for its fellow, even with preparation at the hands of heaven, but the meal of a weekday is not considered important nor does it require preparation. Therefore, on a mere Sunday which is not a Holy Day, we don’t forbid an egg that was laid on that day because it was completed on Shabbat, but the meal of a weekday, the all-Merciful does not require preparation while it is still daylight. But they (i.e., the Rabbis) an egg that was laid on any Holy Day/Yom Tov, and even though it is not after the Shabbat, as a decree because of a Holy Day that comes after the Sabbath. And similarly, they forbade an egg that was laid on every Sabbath to quaff/swallow a living animal, as a decree because of a Shabbat that comes after a Yom Tov. For a Sabbath and a Holy Day that are juxtaposed one to the other, an egg that is laid on this one is forbidden [to be eaten] on that one. And similarly, the two days Holy Days of Rosh Hashanah, but the second Holy Days of the Diaspora that whatever be your opinion one of them is a weekday, and an egg that is laid on this one is permitted on that one.

שאור בכזית – as regarding eating, everyone does not dispute that both this (leaven) and that (leavened bread) are [forbidden] with an olive’s bulk, for since the Biblical verse begins with שאור/leaven and concludes with חמץ/leavened bread. “No leaven shall be found in your houses [for seven days]. For whoever eats what is leavened, [that person shall be cut off from the community of Israel],” to tell you that this is “leaven” and that is which is leavened, as is the case with the one is also the case with the other. But they (i.e., the Schools of Hillel and Shammai) argue regarding removal, as the School of Shammai holds that since the All-Merciful has written for both leaven and that which is leavened, and to write [the word] Hametz/leavened product, for its that which is a strong leavening agent (see Talmud Betzah 7b), and despite this, one is obligated to remove it, and it is an a fortiori for leaven which is a strong leavening agent, but we learn from this that the measurement for the one is not like the measurement of the other, and we don’t derive removal [of Hametz] from eating. But the School of Hillel holds that both (i.e. שאור וחמץ) [are forbidden] by an olive’s bulk, as we derive removal from eating. But because that these three things are of the liberal opinions of the School of Shammai and the of the stringencies of the School of Hillel regarding the Yom Tov, they are taught together.

בכותבת – date palm.

ביצה שנולדה ביו״ט. [ביו״ט] שלאחר שבת עסקינן. וטעמייהו דבית הלל דאמרי לא תאכל, משום דכל ביצה דמתילדא האידנא מאתמול גמרה לה ונמצאת שבת מכינה ליו״ט, והתורה אמרה (שמות ט״ז:ה׳) והיה ביום הששי והכינו, וסתם ששי חול הוא, חול מכין לשבת, וחול מכין ליו״ט, דיו״ט נמי אקרי שבת, ואין יו״ט מכין לשבת ולא שבת מכינה ליו״ט. והכנה כי הך דביצה אע״ג דבידי שמים היא מקריא הכנה. ומיהו שבת ויו״ט דחשיבי, בעיא סעודתן הזמנה בחול ואין אחד מהן מכין לחברו אפילו בהכנה דבידי שמים, אבל סעודת חול לא חשיבא ולא בעיא הזמנה. הלכך באחד בשבת בעלמא שאינו יו״ט לית לן למיסר ביצה שנולדה בו לפי שנגמרה בשבת, דסעודת חול לא אצרכה רחמנא זמון מבעוד יום. ואסרו ביצה שנולדה בכל יו״ט ואע״פ שאינו אחר שבת, גזירה משום יו״ט שאחר שבת. וכן אסרו ביצה שנולדה בכל שבת לגמעה חיה, גזירה משום שבת שאחר יו״ט. ושבת ויו״ט הסמוכים זה לזה, ביצה שנולדה בזה אסורה בזה. וכן ב׳ ימים טובים של ר״ה. אבל שני ימים טובים של גלויות דממ״נ אחד מהם חול, ביצה שנולדה בזה מותרת בזה:

שאור בכזית. לענין אכילה כולי עלמא לא פליגי דזה וזה בכזית מדפתח הכתוב בשאור וסיים בחמץ. שאור לא ימצא בבתיכם כי כל אוכל מחמצת (שמות י״ב:י״ט), לומר לך זהו שאור וזהו חמץ כזה כן זה. כי פליגי לענין ביעור, ב״ש סברי מדכתב רחמנא לתרווייהו שאור וחמץ ולכתוב חמץ שאין חמוצו קשה ואפ״ה חייב לבער וק״ו לשאור שחמוצו קשה, אלא ש״מ שיעורו של זה לא כשיעורו של זה, ולא ילפינן ביעור מאכילה. וב״ה סברי זה וזה בכזית, דילפינן ביעור מאכילה. ומשום דהנך תלת מילי מקולי ב״ש ומחומרי ב״ה גבי יו״ט תנא להו הכא גבי הדדי:

בככותבת. תמרה: