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Today's Mishnah Yomi

Pesachim 2:4 - 2:5

The Mishnah Yomi for Thursday, December 14, 2028 is Pesachim 2:4 - 2:5

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Mishnah 1

Mishnayos Pesachim Perek 2 Mishnah 4

פסחים פרק ב׳ משנה ד׳

4
If one unwittingly eats teruma of leavened bread on Passover, not realizing that the food was teruma, then he must pay the principal and an additional fifth. This is because one who unwittingly eats teruma must compensate the priest for the value of the teruma and add a fifth of the value, even though the teruma is considered to be valueless on Passover. If he intentionally ate the teruma then he is exempt from payment; as he is liable to receive the severe punishment of karet, he is therefore exempt from the lesser punishment of payment. If he ate impure teruma in this manner then he is not even required to pay its monetary value in wood, for one who derives benefit from impure teruma calculates its value by treating it as though it were fuel for burning. While impure teruma can be used in this manner during the rest of the year, one may not derive any benefit from leavened bread on Passover, and therefore such teruma is worthless.
הָאוֹכֵל תְּרוּמַת חָמֵץ בְּפֶסַח בְּשׁוֹגֵג, מְשַׁלֵּם קֶרֶן וְחֹמֶשׁ. בְּמֵזִיד, פָּטוּר מִתַּשְׁלוּמִים וּמִדְּמֵי עֵצִים:
ד׳

בשוגג – he erred inadvertently regarding Terumah/priest’s due even as he erred wittingly regarding leavened products.

משלם קרן וחומש – and even though it is forbidden to derive benefit from leavened products on Passover, and is not worth anything, because that when one eats priest’s due inadvertently, it is written (Leviticus 22:14): “[but if a man eats of a sacred donation unwittingly,] he shall pay the priest for the sacred donation, [adding one-fifth of its value],” something that is worthy of being holy, and he does not pay him money, but rather produce, and the payment becomes priest’s due, therefore, we do not follow after the money.

במזיד – that he wittingly [ate] priest’s due, even if he erred inadvertently regarding leavened products, he is exempt from payment.

ומדמי עצים – if the priest’s due was ritually impure, he does not pay the cost of wood that would have been appropriate to burn underneath his dish, for [when one eats] priest’s due wittingly, he is not other than a mere thief, and he pays money according to the value and not according to the measurement, but Hametz/leavened products on Passover are not monetary for they are prohibited to derive benefit [from it], and even to burn it is not appropriate and he has not lost anything.

בשוגג. ששגג בתרומה אפילו הזיד בחמץ:

משלם קרן וחומש. ואע״ג דחמץ בפסח אסור בהנאה ולא שוה מידי, משום דבאוכל תרומה בשוגג כתיב (ויקרא כ״ב:י״ד) ונתן לכהן את הקודש, דבר הראוי להיות קודש, שאין משלם לו מעות אלא פירות והתשלומים נעשים תרומה הלכך לאו בתר דמים אזלינן:

במזיד. שהזיד בתרומה אפילו שגג בחמץ פטור מן התשלומין:

ומדמי עצים. אם תרומה טמאה היא אין משלם דמי עצים שהיתה ראויה להסיק תחת תבשילו, משום דמזיד בתרומה אינו אלא כשאר גזלן דעלמא, ומעות משלם לפי דמים ולא לפי מדה, וחמץ בפסח לאו בר דמים הוא שהרי אסור בהנאה, ואף להיסק לא חזי ולא מידי אפסדיה:

Mishnah 2

Mishnayos Pesachim Perek 2 Mishnah 5

פסחים פרק ב׳ משנה ה׳

5
These are the types of grain with which a person fulfills his obligation to eat matza on the first night of Passover: With wheat, with barley, with spelt [kusmin], with rye [shifon], and with oats [shibbolet shu’al]. And one fulfills his obligation by eating not only matza made from properly tithed grains, but even with matza made from doubtfully tithed produce, and matza made with first tithe from which its teruma was already taken, or second tithe and consecrated food that were redeemed. And priests may eat matza prepared from ḥalla, the portion of dough that is given to priests, or with teruma, as priests are permitted to eat these portions. However, one may not fulfill one’s obligation to eat matza made with untithed produce, nor with matza made from the first tithe from which its teruma was not separated, nor with matza made either from the second tithe, nor from consecrated grain that was not redeemed. With regard to one who prepared loaves of matza that are brought with a thanks-offering, or to the wafers brought by a nazirite, the Sages drew the following distinction: If he prepared them for himself, then he does not fulfill his obligation to eat matza with them. However, if he prepared them to sell them in the market to those who require these loaves or wafers, one fulfills the obligation to eat matza with them.
אֵלּוּ דְבָרִים שֶׁאָדָם יוֹצֵא בָהֶן יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ בְּפֶסַח, בְּחִטִּים, בִּשְׂעוֹרִים, בְּכֻסְּמִין וּבְשִׁיפוֹן וּבְשִׁבֹּלֶת שׁוּעָל. וְיוֹצְאִין בִּדְמַאי וּבְמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁנִּטְּלָה תְרוּמָתוֹ, וּבְמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְהֶקְדֵּשׁ שֶׁנִּפְדּוּ, וְהַכֹּהֲנִים בְּחַלָּה וּבִתְרוּמָה. אֲבָל לֹא בְטֶבֶל, וְלֹא בְמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁלֹּא נִטְּלָה תְרוּמָתוֹ, וְלֹא בְמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְהֶקְדֵּשׁ שֶׁלֹּא נִפְדּוּ. חַלּוֹת תּוֹדָה וּרְקִיקֵי נָזִיר, עֲשָׂאָן לְעַצְמוֹ, אֵין יוֹצְאִין בָּהֶן. עֲשָׂאָן לִמְכֹּר בַּשּׁוּק, יוֹצְאִין בָּהֶן:
ה׳

ידי חובתו – because of the obligation of [eating] Matzah on the first night for he is obligated to eat Matzah as it is written (Exodus 12:18): “[In the first month, from the fourteenth day of the month] at evening, you shall eat unleavened bread…”

בחטים ובשעורים – but not rice, millet and other species, as it is written (Deuteronomy 16:3): “You shall not eat anything leavened with it; for seven days thereafter you shall eat unleavened bread…” things that can become leavened, a person fulfills his religious obligation in consuming Matzah/unleavened bread, excluding rice and millet and other species that do not become leavened, but towards decay.

ובדמאי ובמעשר ראשון שנטלה תרומתו – all of these for what reason are they needed? They are explained in the Tractate Shabbat, chapter eighteen (Mishnah 1 – “You may clear away – on the Sabbath-even four or five piles”).

והכהנים בחלה ובתרומה – for you might have thought that we require Matzah/unleavened bread that is worth and appropriate for all people, but Hallah and priest’s due are not appropriate for foreigners (i.e., non-Kohanim), it comes to teach us [that this is not the case].

חלות תודה ורקיקי נזיר אין יוצאין בהן – even though they are fully Matzah, as it is written (Exodus 12:17): “You shall observe the [Feast of] Unleavened Bread”, [we require] Matzah that is preserved for the purpose of [consuming] Matzah, excluding those which are not preserved for the purpose of [consuming] Matzah, but for the purpose of a sacrifice.

למכור בשוק יוצאין בהם – for everything can be sold in the market, for he says, if they are sold, they are sold, and if not, I will myself with eat it as the Matzah [in fulfillment] of the Mitzvah.

ידי חובתו. משום חובת מצה בלילה הראשון שהוא מחויב לאכול מצה דכתיב (שמות י״ב:י״ח) בערב תאכלו מצות:

בחטים ובשעורים וכו׳ אבל אורז ודוחן ושאר מינים לא, דכתיב (דברים ט״ז:ג׳) לא תאכל עליו חמץ שבעת ימים תאכל עליו מצות, דברים הבאים לידי חמוץ אדם יוצא בהן ידי חובת מצה, יצאו אורז ודוחן ושאר מינים שאין באין לידי חמוץ אלא לידי סרחון:

ובדמאי ובמעשר ראשון שנטלה תרומתו. כל הני למאי אצטריכו, מפורשים במסכת שבת פרק מפנין:

והכהנים בחלה ובתרומה. דמהו דתימא מצה השוה וראוייה לכל אדם בעינן, וחלה ותרומה אינן ראויין לזרים, קמ״ל:

חלות תודה ורקיקי נזיר אין יוצאין בהן. אף על פי שהן מצה גמורה, דכתיב (שמות י״ב:י״ז) ושמרתם את המצות, מצה המשתמרת לשם מצה, יצאו אלו שאינן משתמרות לשם מצה אלא לשם זבח:

למכור בשוק יוצא בהם. דכל למכור בשוק אמר אי מזדבנא מזדבנא, ואי לא, אכילנא לה אנא למצה של מצוה:

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