Shabbos 23:1 - 23:2

שואל. ובלבד שלא יאמר הלוני – for it implies a loan for a long time and we hold that an undefined loan is for thirty days; therefore the lender comes to write on his writing tablet/merchant’s account book that I have loaned such-and-such to so-and-so in order that he would not forget it.

מניח טליתו אצלו – if he (i.e., the lender) doesn’t believe him (i.e., the borrower) and he takes it and dedicates it as Temple property on the Sabbath for [loan[ obligations that have a fixed time [for return] one can dedicate [them] on the Sabbath (though we learn in Tractate Arakhin, Chapter 7, Mishnah 5, that one does not dedicate to the Temple something that is not his).

פרפרותיו – kinds of dainties/sweets.

אבל לא מן הכתב – if he wrote it from the Eve of the Sabbath (i.e., Friday): “so-and-so are guests” so that he would not forget, he should not read from the same document on the Sabbath, as a preventive measure lest he erase it; alternatively, lest he read private (not Hebrew) documents for it is prohibited to read anything on Shabbat other than the Written Torah and the Oral Torah, but other things or works of scholars that are not from the words of the prophets or their commentaries are forbidden (see Tractate Shabbat 149a).

עם בניו ועם בני ביתו – for they are dependent upon his table for there is no legal objection, but with others one cannot [do so], for members of the group that are strict with each other for they do not pardon and do not renounce each other, violate this because of the measurement and the weight and the number because they loan and collect and the Rabbis decreed on this lest they write it down.

ובלבד שלא יתכוין וכו' – Our Mishnah is deficient, and should be read as follows: a person may conduct a lottery with his children and with the members of his household [dependent] upon his table and even a large portion corresponding to a small portion and specifically with his children and the members of his household, but not with others, provided that he does not intend to make a large portion correspond with a small portion, which is forbidden even on weekdays because dice-playing is theft and collateral security with the condition of forfeiture beyond the amount to be secured does not purchase/gives no title and this is a collateral security with the condition of forfeiture beyond the amount to be secured that is dependent upon the lottery if the lottery will fall to him on the large portion, he will be worthy of it, and therefore, he has left himself in doubt even for a lottery for a small portion through doubt , for had he known from the outset that this would be the case, he would not have accepted it.

חלשים – lotteries such as (Isaiah 14:12): “A vanquisher of nations.”

על הקדשים ביום טוב – that were slaughtered on Yom Tov/the Festival Day to distribute/divide them among the Kohanim.

אבל לא על המנות – on yesterday’s Holy Things.