Shabbos 7:4 - 8:1

עצה – straw of kinds of pulse/peas (Tractate Shabbat 76a).

כמלוא פי גמל – its measurement is larger than that of a cow’s mouthful and the mouthful of a cow is not obligated for straw, for it is not appropriate for a cow.

פי טלה – it is larger than the mouth of a kid (i.e., goat), therefore, ears of corn which are not appropriate for a kid, one is not liable for the mouthful of a kid until there is enough for the mouthful of a lamb, but grasses since they are appropriate for a kid and a lamb one is liable even for the mouthful of a kid.

לחין – that are appropriate for humans

like dried figs, for this is the measure for all human food on Shabbat but not for the mouthful of a kid for moist foods are not appropriate for kids.

מצטרפין – all of the foods of a human – these with those.

חוץ מקליפיהן – which are not [considered] food and do not complete the measure.

ועוקציהן – the tail of the fruit which is a mere tree.

וסובן – husk of wheat that falls off because of crushing/pounding.

ומורסנן – that remains in the winnow but Maimonides explains the opposite that their fine flour is thicker and worse than bran flour.

חוץ מקליפי עדשים – [that combine/are included together].

שהן מתבשלות עמהן – to exclude the outer husks which fall off when it is harvested and the husks of the beans at the time that they are moist and cooked with their husks; for Rabbi Yehuda they are included together with foods for the measurement of dry figs but not dried foods which are not consumed with their husks because they appear like flies in a bowl, but the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.

המוציא [יין] כדי מזיגת כוס – [of wine] for the Blessing after the Meal which is one-fourth part of a רביעית of pure wine in order that he would mix it to a percentage of one [part] of wine and three [parts] of water and he will become consistent with a quarter of a “log” (which equals the volume of six eggs) which is the measurement for a cup [of wine] for a blessing.

כדי גמיעה – what a person absorbs at one time but the milk of a ritually impure animal that is not proper for drinking, its measure is to paint the eyelids [for medical or for cosmetic purposes] of one eye (see Talmud Shabbat 78b and the end of Mishnah 3 of our chapter).

על הכתית – a wound on the back of horses and donkeys on account of the burden; and I found it written that the inflammation that comes out of the hide of the flesh that when it reaches a boiling point it makes a head about and it is called the “mouth” of a scab, and even though the honey is principally for eating, because its healing [capacity] is found, and it is “something,” we go according to the smallest measure possible for a strict [ruling].

אבר קטן – [smallest limb] of a one-day old baby which is the little toe of the foot.

לשוף – to rub and dissolve them.

קילור – that we put on the eye.

ושאר כל המשקין – that we don’t use for medicinal purposes.

שופכין – decaying waters and they are fit to stamp the clay.

ברביעית – even wine, milk and honey, whose measurements are not mentioned in the Mishnah other than those who set them aside (see Mishnah Shabbat, Chapter 10, Mishnah 1), but the rest of all people, they are not liable other than for a quarter of a “log”(i.e., the volume of six eggs), and Rabbi Shimon holds that when he himself sets something aside/stores away, he requires a small measurement and less than that amount he is not liable for it, for Rabbi Shimon does not hold that all that is not fit to set aside, we do not set aside/store it like him for he will become liable for it, but sets aside/store away a little bit, but the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Shimon.