Shabbos 7:2 - 7:3

הזורע החורש - the fact that “ploughing” is not taught at the beginning and the Mishnah and afterwards “sowing” like the way of the whole world is to inform us that if the land was hard and they ploughed and then sewed and then afterwards ploughed, he is liable for the second ploughing because of “ploughing.”

הקוצר – seeds and one gleans/harvests the trees, he is liable because of “reaping.” (Tractate Shabbat 73 b).

המעמר – collecting detached seeds and collects them in one place.

הזורה – passing through to the wind.

הבורר – the refuse in his hand or in the basket used as a sieve.

והמרקד – in a winnow/sieve, and even though that they are similar to each other, each one is considered separately; alternatively, they are not at the same time, but rather one after another.

והאופה – there was no [baking] in the Tabernacle for there is no baking other than with bread and bread does not belong in the labors of the Tabernacle but rather, it (i.e., the Mishnah) taught that the arrangement of bread was taken; however, cooking which is considered like the [forbidden] labor of baking was in the Tabernacle with the spices of the color of bluish, purple-dye and scarlet-dyed. If he stirs the pot and places a covering on top of the pot that is standing on the fire, he is liable because of [the prohibition of] cooking and all of these above are considered in our Mishnah: “One who sews, ploughs, threshes, etc., all of these are with spices of color in the building of the Tabernacle.

הגוזז צמר – and all the rest of these labors belong with wool of blue of the labors of the Tabernacle.

המלבנו – laundering it in the river.

המנפצו – beat it with a rod; alternatively, comb it with a comb.

המיסך - “ordir” in the foreign language.

בתי נירין - takes two threads in the midst of the portion of the web produed by pasing the spool with the woof across the warp.

הפוצע – he removes the threads of the woof that are above the warp, or the warp that are above the woof for the purpose of weaving.

והקושר והמתיר – for such are the sides of the snail for from it they produce the bluish-dye, they tie and untie for sometimes it is necessary to take threads from this net to add on to the other and untie from here and tie there.

והתופר – and tearing also that are in the curtain for a curtain that a moth ate and made a small and round hole must tear downwards and upwards so that the sewing of the hole does not have wrinkles/folds.

והתופר שתי תפירות – that he tied them up, for had he not tied them, they would not exist and he would be liable for [violating] two [principal forms of labor] because of tying and because of sewing.

הצד צבי – and all of the labors concerning its hides apply which were used to cover the Tabernacle.

המולחו והמעבדו – The Gemara (Tractate Shabbat 75b) that salting the skin is the same as curing the skin, but they exclude one of them and place marking lines in its place, for placing marking lines is one of the primary prohibited forms of labor.

הממחקו – to scrape his hair.

מחתכו – to trim and cut straps and sandals.

וכותב ומוחק – they were in the Tabernacle that they would mark on boards to know which would be its pair and he would write a letter on this one and a letter one that one and sometimes he would err and erase it.

מכבה ומבעיר – with fire that was under the symbols of the scholars.

מכה בפטיש – the completion of work for so the artisan strikes the block with the completion of the work and the striking with a hammer is not liable until the end of the work [has been reached]. But the number of the first teacher of the Mishnah who counts primary forms of work as forty minus one, even though he returns and considers each one individually comes to teach us that even if a person did all the work in the world on one Shabbat in one act of forgetfulness, it is impossible that he would be liable for more than forty sin-offerings for all of them the rest of the labors are derivatives to these primary forms of work and it is found that he performs a primary form of work and its derivative and is not liable for anything other than one.

כל הכשר להצניע – which is something that is made for usage by a human being.

ומצניעו כמוהו – that has the appropriate measurements to be stored/hidden away.

אין חייב אלא המצניעו -if something was done that was beloved by one person and he stored it away, he is liable for his removal of it if he took it out but another individual is not liable on it for concerning him it is not a [forbidden] form of work.