Challah 1:8 - 1:9

עיסת כלבים – it is made from flour and much coarse bran is mixed into it.

בזמן שהרועים אוכלים ממנה – that the coarse bran was not mixed into it so much.

חייבת בחלה – for since it is fit for shepherds, they call it bread.

ומערבין בה – for buildings with a common court [they make an Eruv], to take out [food] from one’s home to the courtyard.

ומשתתפין בה – the formation of a fictitious partnership in an alley, to remove [food] from the courtyard to the alley.

ומברכין עליה – The Blessings on Bread (i.e., HaMotzi)

ומזמנין עליה – three [people] who ate from it are obligated to recite Birkat HaMazon (see Mishnah Berakhot, Chapter 7, Mishnah 1).

ונאפית ביום טוב – because of the portion of the shepherds.

ואדם יוצא בה ידי חובתו בפסח – The first night [of Passover] when a person is obligated to eat an olive’s bulk of Matzah.

אינה חייבת בחלה – as it is written (Numbers 15:20): “As the first yield of your baking….”; what is yours is liable, and not that of a beast.

מטמאה טומאת אוכלין – since on account of an emergency, it is eaten by humans; he defiles it until it is invalid to feed to a dog.

חייבין עליהן מיתה – A foreigner (i.e. non-Kohen) who eats them (i.e., Hallah) willfully is liable for death by the hand of heaven, for Hallah is called “Terumah”/heave-offering, as with Terumah, it is written (Leviticus 22:9): “….and die for it, having committed profanation…”

וחומש – he who eats them (i.e., Hallah) inadvertently, pays the principal to the owners and a fifth to any Kohen that he desires.

ואסורים לזרים – it is taught gratuitously, for since foreigners are liable for them (i.e., eating Hallah) death and one-fifth, it is obvious that they are forbidden to foreigner. And to Rabbi Yohanan, who said one-half measure according to the Torah, we found to say that since it teaches that it is forbidden to foreigners – for a half-measure, it has neither death nor the one-fifth (penalty). But, there is, however, the prohibition from the Torah.

והן נכסי כהן – that he is able to sell them and purchase with them slaves and land and impure cattle.

ועולין באחד ומאה – if they were combined with one hundred [parts] of non-sacred [food].

וטעונים רחיצת ידים – He who comes in contact with them must wash his hands first, for mere hands invalidate the Terumah, for even the Hallah is called Terumah.

והערב שמש – an impure [Kohen] who immersed [in a ritual bath] does not eat Terumah until sunset (see Mishnah Berakhot, Chapter 1, Mishnah 1 and the Bartenura there), as it is written (Leviticus 22:7): “As soon as the sun sets, he shall be clean; and afterward he may eat of the sacred donations, [for they are his food],” and the same law applies to Hallah.

ואינן ניטלים מן הטהור על הטמא – this is a decree, lest he dedicate as sacred- property that which is not from that which is brought near, because they doubt lest the impure comes in contact with the pure and defile it, and we require that a person who dedicates [to the Sanctuary] will dedicate from what is near, as is taught shortly.

ואין ניטלין אלא מן המוקף – We have the reading, and the explanation of [the word] "מוקף" is near and next to.

מן הדבר הגמור – that their work has been completed and [in this regard] Hallah once the dough is rolled.

עד שישייר מקצת – that [both for] Hallah and Terumah, it is written, "ראשית" (see Numbers 15:20 – “As the first ("ראשית") yield [of your baking]….”); and we require that their remnants are recognized.