Demai 7:8 - Kilayim 1:1

עשר שורות של עשר עשר כדי יין – that are arranged in the Land [of Israel] that in every matter that you count whether from the east to the west or from the north to the south, you will find ten rows [jugs of wine] ten which are one-hundred jugs [of wine].

שורה החיצונה אחת מעשר – one earthen wine jug that is in the outer row, I have established as [First] Tithe on the other earthen wine jugs that I have.

ואין ידוע איזה – [it is not known which] outer row, for behold there are four outer rows corresponding to the four directions.

נוטל שתי חביות באלכסון (he must take two barrels from diagonally opposite corners) – one to the southeastern corner and second to it in the northwestern corner, for each earthen jug [of wine] that is in the corner is counted for two directions, and he should fill up from both of them one earthen jug [of wine] and it will be tithed [as heave-offering of the tithe for the one-hundred jugs].

חצי שורה החיצונה אחת מעשר (a half of one outside row is designated as [First] Tithe [for fifty jugs])- but if he said, one earthen jug [of wine] that is in the middle of the outer row, it I have established as [heave-offering of the First] Tithe on the other earthen jugs [of wine] that I have.

ואין ידוע איזה – [and it is not known which] half row from the four outer rows.

נוטל ארבע חביות מד' זויות – because there is on each corner from he two halves that are in the two outer rows that are near it, and he fills up one earthen jug from those four one and it will be the [heave-offering of the] tithe.

שורה אחת מעשר – but if he said, one earthen jug [of wine] that is in one row from these ten rows – it I have established for [First] Tithe and it is not known in which row it is.

נוטל שורה אחת באלכסון – that is to say, he takes ten earthen jugs from one row from the southeastern corner until the northwestern corner, or from the southwestern corner until the northeastern corner and he fills from all of these ten earthen jugs [of wine] one earthen jug and it will be [the heave-offering of the First] . But for what reason does he take in a diagonal line and he doesn’t take from one entire row straight from east to west or from north to south? For when he takes in a diagonal line, whether one counts all the entire rows from east to west or whether that he counts them from north to south, it is found that he takes one earthen jug [of wine] from each and every row, what is not the case if he were to take one row the length of from east to west or from north to south.

החטין והזונין (wheat and weed growing among wheat, darnel or rye-grass) – we call it ZIYUAN in Arabic.

אינן כלאים זה בזה – because when the generation of the Flood perverted their way, the land became degenerate in his produce for they (i.e., the people) would sow wheat and it would produce weeds, therefore, they were not the forbidden junction of heterogeneous plants with the wheat. But with the rest of the kinds of grain, they would be the forbidden junction of heterogeneous plants, and even though that it wasn’t appropriate for human consumption, nevertheless, since they bring it from place to place for the consumption of doves, they were the forbidden junction of heterogeneous plants in the same field (i.e., כלאים).

השעורים ושבולת שועל – all that is taught in this Mishnah, pair by pair are not the forbidden junction of heterogeneous plants in the same field with each other, [but] one from this pair and one from that pair are the forbidden junction of heterogeneous plants in the same field with each other. And that which we stated in [Tractate] Menahot [9a] that the spelt is a species of wheat and rye is a species of barley, these words, as regards Hallah that combine one with the other for the measurement of Hallah, but concerning the issue of the forbidden junction of heterogeneous plants, they would be the forbidden junction of heterogeneous plants with each other.

ושבולת שועל – desert barley and in the foreign tongue, OYNAH.

כוסמין (spelt) – In the foreign tongue ASPILTAH.

שיפון (rye; some say oats) – in the foreign tongue, SIGLAH, but because spelt and rye [or oats] are similar to each other they are not the forbidden junction of heterogeneous plants in the same field with each other.

והספיר (name of a species of beans) – there are those who say that it is TZITZERKALA in the foreign tongue. But Maimonides explained that we call it MA’AS in Arabic.

הפורקדן (species of peas) – Maimonides explained that it is thin seed that we call GILBAN In Arabic.

וטופח (bean) – it is a small legume whose berries are round and we call it KORTEMAN, but I heard that טופח is what they call GILBAN (i.e., a species of bean/pea).

והשעועית (species of bean, kidney-bean) we call it LOBIAH in Arabic.

אינם כלאים זה בזה- if he sowed each of them with its partner.