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Today's Mishnah Yomi

Niddah 3:2 - 3:3

The Mishnah Yomi for Monday, May 31, 2027 is Niddah 3:2 - 3:3

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Mishnah 1

Mishnayos Niddah Perek 3 Mishnah 2

נדה פרק ג׳ משנה ב׳

2
In the case of a woman who discharges an item similar to a shell, or similar to a hair, or similar to soil, or similar to mosquitoes, if such items are red, she should cast them into water to ascertain their nature: If they dissolved, it is blood, and the woman is impure with the impurity of a menstruating woman; and if not, she is pure. In the case of a woman who discharges an item similar to fish or to grasshoppers, repugnant creatures, or creeping animals, if there is blood that emerges with them, the woman is impure with the impurity of a menstruating woman. And if not, she is pure. With regard to a woman who discharges tissue in the form of a type of domesticated animal, undomesticated animal, or bird, whether it had the form of a non-kosher species or a kosher species, if it was a male fetus, then she observes the periods of impurity, seven days, and purity, thirty-three days, established in the Torah (see Leviticus 12:2–5) for a woman who gives birth to a male. And if the fetus was a female, the woman observes the periods of impurity, fourteen days, and purity, sixty-six days, established in the Torah for a woman who gives birth to a female. And if the sex of the fetus is unknown, she observes the strictures that apply to a woman who gave birth both to a male and to a female. Accordingly, she is prohibited from engaging in intercourse for fourteen days, but after that, she will be permitted to engage in intercourse despite a discharge of uterine blood until thirty-three days pass after the seven days she would have been prohibited if the fetus were male. The prohibition to enter the Temple will continue until eighty days have passed from the discharge of the fetus. This is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: Any fetus that is not of human form is not regarded as an offspring with regard to observance of these periods, and she is permitted to engage in intercourse provided that she does not experience a discharge of uterine blood.
הַמַּפֶּלֶת כְּמִין קְלִפָּה, כְּמִין שַׂעֲרָה, כְּמִין עָפָר, כְּמִין יַבְחוּשִׁים אֲדֻמִּים, תַּטִּיל לַמַּיִם. אִם נִמֹּחוּ, טְמֵאָה. וְאִם לָאו, טְהוֹרָה. הַמַּפֶּלֶת כְּמִין דָּגִים, חֲגָבִים, שְׁקָצִים וּרְמָשִׂים, אִם יֵשׁ עִמָּהֶם דָּם, טְמֵאָה. וְאִם לָאו, טְהוֹרָה. הַמַּפֶּלֶת מִין בְּהֵמָה, חַיָּה וָעוֹף, בֵּין טְמֵאִין בֵּין טְהוֹרִים, אִם זָכָר, תֵּשֵׁב לְזָכָר. וְאִם נְקֵבָה, תֵּשֵׁב לִנְקֵבָה. וְאִם אֵין יָדוּעַ, תֵּשֵׁב לְזָכָר וְלִנְקֵבָה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, כֹּל שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ מִצּוּרַת אָדָם, אֵינוֹ וָלָד:
ב׳

כמין שערה – hair.

יבחושין (looking like a mass of red insects) – mosquitos or gnats.

תטיל למים – [let her place them into water] – that is tepid, and have them remain in that tepid water for twenty-four hours.

אם נמוחו טמאה (if they dissolve [into blood] – because she is a menstruant woman, that it is blood.

אם יש עמהן דם טמאה – our Mishnah is like the Sages who argue with Rabbi Yehuda above (i.e., in Mishnah 1) that it is possible for the opening of the uterus without blood.

וחכמים אומרים כל שאין בו מצורת אדם אינו ולד – everyone agrees that when it’s body is born in the form of a wild animal, and its face is that of a human, it considered a [human] fetus; its body like that of a human but its face like that face of wild animal, it is a wild animal and this is not a [human] fetus, for we go after the form of the face. They didn’t disagree other than with one for whom part of the face was like that of a human and part of like the face of an animal, and even if most of the face is like that of a human, but one eye that is in his head alone is like that of an animal, Rabbi Meir states that one requires the entire form of a human being, for since it has the eye like an animal, this is not a [human] fetus. But the Rabbis hold, that which lacks the form of a human being at all and even doesn’t have part of a human form, is not a [human] fetus, but if he has part of a [human] form, it is a [human] fetus. But the Halakha is according to the Sages.

כמין שערה. שער:

יבחושין. יתושין:

תטיל למים. פושרין, וישהה אותם במים הפושרים כ״ד שעות:

אם נמוחו טמאה. משום נדה. דדם הוא:

אם יש עמהן דם טמאה ואם לאו טהורה. מתניתין כרבנן דפליגי עליה דרבי יהודה לעיל, וסברי דאפשר לפתיחת הקבר בלא דם:

וחכמים אומרים כל שאין בו מצורת אדם אינו ולד. הכל מודים בנולד גופו כצורת חיה ופניו פני אדם, שהוא חשוב ולד. גופו אדם ופניו פני חיה, הרי הוא חיה ואין זה ולד, דבתר צורת פנים אזלינן. לא נחלקו אלא במי שקצת פניו כפני אדם, וקצת כפני בהמה, ואפילו רוב פניו כפני אדם ועין אחת שבראשו בלבד כעין של בהמה, רבי מאיר אומר, כל צורת אדם צריכה, וכיון שיש לו עין כבהמה אין זה ולד. ורבנן סברי, כל שאין בו מצורת אדם כלל ואפילו מקצת צורה אין לו, אינו ולד. אבל יש בו מקצת צורה, הרי זה ולד. והלכה כחכמים:

Mishnah 2

Mishnayos Niddah Perek 3 Mishnah 3

נדה פרק ג׳ משנה ג׳

3
A woman who discharges a gestational sac full of fluid, full of blood, or full of different colors need not be concerned that it was an offspring. But if the sac was one in which tissue developed, her halakhic status is that of a woman after childbirth. Since the sex of the embryo is unknown, the woman observes the strictures of a woman who gave birth both to a male and to a female; she is impure for fourteen days like a woman who gave birth to a female, but blood that she sees thereafter is pure only until forty days after birth, like a woman who gave birth to a male.
הַמַּפֶּלֶת שְׁפִיר מָלֵא מַיִם, מָלֵא דָם, מָלֵא גְנוּנִים, אֵינָהּ חוֹשֶׁשֶׁת לְוָלָד. וְאִם הָיָה מְרֻקָּם, תֵּשֵׁב לְזָכָר וְלִנְקֵבָה:
ג׳

שפיר (sac of a fetus) – a piece of flesh. If it has the form of a human being, it is called a fetus having an articulated shape. But I heard that it is like an egg-shell, therefore it is called a sac.

מלא גנינים ( see Tractate Niddah 24b) – [an abortion consisting of] a bag full of many-colored substance. Another explanation: גנינים are worms, that the piece of flesh is cut into many thin pieces similar worms.

אינה חוששת לולד – she is not defiled by giving birth. But if there is no blood with them, she should not worry even because of being a menstruating woman.

תשב לזכר ונקבה impure for two weeks like a woman who gives birth to a female. But she doesn’t have blood of purity (i.e., vaginal bleeding experienced by a woman from eight to forty days after giving birth to a boy and from fifteen to eighty days after giving birth to a girl), other than thirty-three days like a woman who gives birth to a male, for since it is not known/recognized if it is a male or a female, we place upon her the stringencies of the male and the stringencies of a female.

שפיר. חתיכה של בשר. ואם יש בה צורת אדם נקרא שפיר מרוקם. ואני שמעתי שהוא כשפופרת של ביצה, לפיכך נקרא שפיר:

מלא גנינים. מלא גוונים הרבה. פירוש אחר, גנינים, תולעים, שחתיכת הבשר חתוכה חתיכות דקות כעין תולעים:

אינה חוששת לולד. ואינה טמאה לידה. ואם אין עמהן דם, אינה חוששת אפילו משום נדה:

תשב לזכר ולנקבה. טמאה שבועים כיולדת נקבה, ואין לה דם טוהר אלא שלשים ושלשה ימים כיולדת זכר. הואיל ואינו ניכר אם זכר אם נקבה, נותנים עליו חומרי זכר וחומרי נקבה:

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