Oholos 1:8 - 2:1

פיסת הרגל (the foot to the ankle) – the sole of the foot is the foot.

ששה בכל אצבע -for five fingers, which are thirty.

קרסול (ankle) – It is the Aramaic translation of כרעיים/leg, (see Leviticus 11:21): “[But these you may eat among the all the winged swarming things that walk on all fours:] all that have, above their feet, jointed legs [to leap with on the ground,” קרסולי. It is the place of the connection of the foot and the foreleg.

קטלת ([club-shaped], the thigh with the knee-pan)- above the top of the knee.

בקנה (forearm) – he bone that is connection to the hand. From the language (Ezekiel 40:5): “The rod that the man held [was six cubits long, plus one handbreadth for each cubit],” that with it they measure the cubit.

מרפק (elbow) – KODO in the foreign language.

מאה ואחד מזה – that all that he counted until now was from one side from the body, such as for example, one hand and one leg and one rib.

מפתח של לב (valve of the heart) -this is the chest. That because of the movement of the chest, the lung causes to blow on the heart, it is found that the chest opens the path that from it the air enters in and goes out to the heart.

בנקוביו (the perforations/organs of the extremities) – the testicles and the membrum virile.

בשר כראוי (when there is an appropriate amount of flesh) – in order that it will rise up in length and be healthy (see Tractate Kelim, Chapter 1, Mishnah 5), if it is connected to a living person.

ואין מטמאין באוהל – for defilement from a tent is not other either with a complete person, as it is written (Numbers 19:14): “When a person dies in a tent,” or with a limb that is similar to a person, as it states (Numbers 19:16): “or human bone,” just as a human being that has flesh and sews and bones and defiles in a tent, even a limb that has flesh and sinews and bones defiles in a tent.

אלו מטמאין באוהל, המת וכזית מן המת -and if this is difficult, an olive’s bulk of a corpse defiles, from that which is defiled from contact with the dead, all the more so, this matter is resolved in the Gemara in [Tractate] Nazir [50a, it is needed only for [the case of] a premature/non-viable birth whose limbs were not connected with sinews as it lacks an olive’s bulk of flesh.

נצל (decayed matter – liquid and coagulated portions of a corpse) – the flesh of a corpse that swelled up like a kind of ill-smelling secretion.

מלוא תרוד (A tarvad/spoon-full of dust) – a spoon, and its measurement is two handfuls.

רקב – the body of a corpse when its moisture has departed and it becomes like a kind of dust. But a handful of a a mass of earth from a grave containing parts of a decaying human body doesn’t defile other than from a corpse that was buried naked in a coffin/bier of marble and covered with a covering of marble, until it is known with certainty that there is combination of decayed matter of cloth or wood or other dirt. But a corpse that was buried in its covering or in a wooden ark or in dust, has no decayed matter. And similarly, a corpse that was buried missing a limb has no decayed matter.

אבר מן המת ואבר מן החי – as it is written (Numbers 19:16): “[And in the open, anyone who touches a person who was killed or who died naturally,” a limb that the sword separated from the living is like the corpse.

ורובע עצמות – one quarter of a Kab (i.e., 24 egg-bulks) of bones.

מרוב המנין או מרוב הבנין – My Rabbis/Teachers explained, that they are small/minute from having in them the majority of the number [of bones] and/or the majority of the frame, for even though that they don’t have the majority of the number [of bones] nor the majority of the frame, they defile.

ורוב בנינו ורוב מנינו (the greater portion of a corpse as to the size of limbs and the greater number of joints/limbs)– the majority of the frame of the body, or the majority of the number of the bones even though it is not the majority of the frame of the body, they defile, and even though there isn’t a quarter [of a Kab] in them. And the majority of the frame, such as the legs and the thighs/haunches, and the ribs [and the spine]. And the greater number of joints/limbs, such as the tops of the fingers of the hands and the feet, and similar kinds of things to them, and provided that there will be one-hundred and twenty-five limbs, they defile.