Keilim 21:1 - 21:2

הנוגע בכובד העליון (he who touches the upper beam from which the warp depends) –the weaver has two round pieces of wood, the first that the warp (i.e., longitudinal) thread is wrapped around, and the second that is in front of it that all the while that he continues to weave, he wraps the woven curtain. And because they are heavy, they are called כובד. And the upper beam from which the warp depends is what is in front of him, and the lower beam (כובד התחתון – the roller on which the web is wound as it advances) is distant one from him for all the warp (longitudinal thread) is wrapped on it.

הנירין (the cross-beam of the loom – the leashes or thrums to which the threads of the warp are attached) – they are the woven threads on the reed, and for them, they raise slightly the threads and make a path that the weaving of the thread goes.

קירום (the row of slips or thrums in the loom to which the threads of the warp are attached) – comb/strigil that one strikes on the weaving and fastens the threads

בחוט שהעבירו על גבי ארגמן – after the embroidered garment is made, they place threads on it that it should not become soiled, and those threads were not attached to the cloth.

ובעירא (white substance, undyed wool or cotton – this is the "אירא" /undyed wool or cotton that is mentioned in the first chapter of [Tractate] Shabbat [11b]: "ולא גדרי באירא שבאזנו"/nor a common weaver with undyed wool in his ear. And this is a small piece, from wool or flax or from wool of the vine that they weave within the wraps for beauty, and he throws it into the warp/longitudinal direction of the latitudinal direction/woof that is wrapped within it, and there are some of them that are black and red, and if it will not be eventually restored, such as for example that it is red and now he wants to bring in undyed black wool, and even those it has not split the cloth, there was no attachment/combination.

בנפש המסכת (the woof) – the threads of the woof/latitudinal direction that go within the warp/longitudinal direction within the body [of the garment], and every thing that the weaver places within the woof to repair his weaving is called "נפש" /the soul of the woof, and when he comes in contact with them it is coming into contact with the clothes – which is attachment.

שתי העומד (the warp of the standing loom) – that he needs still for the clothing and stands to be woven.

וככפול שהעבירו על גבי ארגמן (the double/folded over thread which one passed over fine purple) – a piece of the cloth that they sew on the purple so that it doesn’t become soiled, it is like it is attached to the cloth.

עירא שעתיד להחזירה (the spool which is going to be returned [to the web]) – as I have explained above.

בצמר שעל האימה (with the wool that is on the distaff) – there are those who have the reading [of the word אימה as] עימה with an "ע" and it is all the same. And it is a long staff or a reed that the women tie up the wool and spin.

באשוויא (the staff around the which the wool is put, spool) – the wool that is on the spool, and the distaff and/or the spool both of them are made for spilling, but each is different from the other in their shape/form.

טהור – for it is not attached.

פיקה (whorl, spinner) – a kind of small round piece of metal that has an incision, that the women put into the top of the spindle/distaff to make it heavy, and they call it a POSROLAV in the foreign language.

עד שלא פירעה (until they didn’t lay it bare) – before releasing it.

משפירעה – once he released it.

קטרב (cross-piece in front of yoked animals; the pin fastening the ropes of the yoke to the pole) – it is explained above in Chapter “Metal Vessels” (Tractate Kelim, Chapter 14, Mishnah 4) which are two pieces of wood from two sides of the yoke in which incisions have been made , and they bring into this incision a piece of wood called a קטרג /cross-piece in front of yoked animals/the pin fastening the ropes of the yoke to the pole, and tie it so that the cattle will not become detached/slip away.

בעין (ring-shaped pad around the animal’s neck – a halter of soft material) – a woolen or leather pad or sack that they tie on the neck of the animal and the yoke is upon it.

עבות (chain or rope for fastening the yoke of the animal to the plough – the pole tied to the yoke by means of a knotted rope) – a long and thick piece of wood tha tis in the plough, that enters into the yoke.

החרב (the sword-shaped handle of a plough) – a piece of wood made in the shape of a sword that catches in the wild-growing bushes.

והכורך (part of a plough containing a receptacle out of which the seed falls during the ploughing) – a curved piece of wood similar to a saddle/handle of a saddle and it is sunk in the ground at the time of the ploughing.

ביצול (in the cross-piece or handle of the plough) – a piece of wood that the person who ploughs holds in his hand, and he strikes the plough on each side when he wants. The explanation of – [the word] "יצול" – is a staff [as in] (Deuteronomy 16:19): “you shall not judge unfairly,” which we translate into Aramaic, “you shall not pervert the law.”

עין של מתכת – the metal ring.

לחיים (cheek pieces/plough guides) – two pieces of wood that are in the incisions of the yoke.

עריים (iron-tipped ploughshare) – made like a kind of vessel of chiseling stones and with it breaks up clods of dirt. And it is called עריים from the language of (Jeremiah 51:58): “[Babylon’s broad wall] shall be knocked down,” (Psalms 137:7): “Strip her, Strip her to her very foundations!” But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda who declares the cheek pieces/plough guides to be pure [used to increase the soil].