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Today's Mishnah Yomi

Yevamos 12:6 - 13:1

The Mishnah Yomi for Thursday, December 7, 2023 is Yevamos 12:6 - 13:1

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Mishnah 1

Mishnayos Yevamos Perek 12 Mishnah 6

יבמות פרק י"ב משנה ו׳

6
The mitzva of ḥalitza is performed as follows: He and his yevama come to the court, and the scholars of the court give him advice appropriate for him, whether to enter levirate marriage or to perform ḥalitza, as it is stated: “And the Elders of his city shall call him and speak to him” (Deuteronomy 25:8). If they decide to perform ḥalitza, she says: “My brother-in-law refused to establish a name for his brother in Israel, he did not wish to consummate the levirate marriage” (Deuteronomy 25:7), and afterward he says: “I do not wish to take her” (Deuteronomy 25:8). And they would say these statements in the sacred Hebrew language and not in any other language. Afterward, the shoe is removed and she spits before him, as is written: “His yevama shall approach him, before the Elders, and remove his shoe from on his foot and spit before him” (Deuteronomy 25:9), which indicates that this spittle must be visible to the judges. “And she shall respond and say: So shall it be done to the man who does not build his brother’s house” (Deuteronomy 25:9). Up until this point the judges would prompt the parties to recite the text that they are required to say. And when Rabbi Hyrkanus once prompted the participants in ḥalitza under the ela tree in the village of Eitam, he prompted them to finish reciting the whole Torah passage, after which they established the custom of completing the whole Torah passage. Therefore, they continue and say the following verse: “And his name shall be called in Israel: The house of he who had his shoe removed” (Deuteronomy 25:10). This mitzva of saying: The house of he who had his shoe removed, applies to the judges, but not to the students, i.e., the students of the judges and other onlookers who are present. Rabbi Yehuda says: It is a mitzva upon all those present to say: He who had his shoe removed.
מִצְוַת חֲלִיצָה. בָּא הוּא וִיבִמְתּוֹ לְבֵית דִּין, וְהֵן מַשִּׂיאִין לוֹ עֵצָה הַהוֹגֶנֶת לוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר, (דברים כה) וְקָרְאוּ לוֹ זִקְנֵי עִירוֹ וְדִבְּרוּ אֵלָיו. וְהִיא אוֹמֶרֶת, מֵאֵן יְבָמִי לְהָקִים לְאָחִיו שֵׁם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל, לֹא אָבָה יַבְּמִי. וְהוּא אוֹמֵר, לֹא חָפַצְתִּי לְקַחְתָּהּ. וּבִלְשׁוֹן הַקֹּדֶשׁ הָיוּ אוֹמְרִים. וְנִגְּשָׁה יְבִמְתּוֹ אֵלָיו לְעֵינֵי הַזְּקֵנִים וְחָלְצָה נַעֲלוֹ מֵעַל רַגְלוֹ וְיָרְקָה בְּפָנָיו, רֹק הַנִּרְאֶה לַדַּיָּנִים. וְעָנְתָה וְאָמְרָה כָּכָה יֵעָשֶׂה לָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר לֹא יִבְנֶה אֶת בֵּית אָחִיו, עַד כָּאן הָיוּ מַקְרִין. וּכְשֶׁהִקְרָא רַבִּי הֻרְקְנוֹס תַּחַת הָאֵלָה בִּכְפַר עֵיטָם וְגָמַר אֶת כָּל הַפָּרָשָׁה, הֻחְזְקוּ לִהְיוֹת גּוֹמְרִין כָּל הַפָּרָשָׁה. וְנִקְרָא שְׁמוֹ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל בֵּית חֲלוּץ הַנָּעַל. מִצְוָה בַדַּיָּנִין, וְלֹא מִצְוָה בַתַּלְמִידִים. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מִצְוָה עַל כָּל הָעוֹמְדִים שָׁם לוֹמַר, חֲלוּץ הַנָּעַל, חֲלוּץ הַנָּעַל, חֲלוּץ הַנָּעַל:
ו׳

עצה ההוגנת לו – if he is a young body and she is an elderly woman; he is an elderly man and she is a young girl, they say to him: “What are you doing with a young girl, what are you doing with an elderly woman – go to someone like yourself.”

קוראה – “My husband’s brother refuses [to establish a name in Israel for his brother]” (Deuteronomy 25:7) and he recites: “I do not want to marry her” (Deuteronomy 25:8). She removes his shoe and spits [in his face] and recites (Deuteronomy 25:9) “Thus shall be done [to the man who will not build up his brother’s house!].” And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yehuda who stated that it is a Mitzvah for all who are standing there to state (Deuteronomy 25:10): “the family of the un-sandaled one,” “the family of the un-sandaled one,” “the family of the un-sandaled o

עצה ההוגנת לו. אם הוא ילד והיא זקנה, הוא זקן והיא ילדה, אומרים לו מה לך אצל ילדה מה לך אצל זקנה כלך אצל שכמותך:

קוראה מאן יבמי. וקורא, לא חפצתי לקחתה. חולצת ורוקקת וקוראה, ככה יעשה לאיש. והלכה כרבי יהודה דאמר מצוה על כל העומדים שם לומר חלוץ הנעל חלוץ הנעל חלוץ הנעל:

Mishnah 2

Mishnayos Yevamos Perek 13 Mishnah 1

יבמות פרק י"ג משנה א׳

1
The Sages decreed that in the case of a minor girl whose father died, her mother or brothers may marry her off. However, such a marriage does not have the same legal status as the marriage of an adult. Therefore, if the minor regrets having married, she is allowed to make a declaration of refusal to her husband, thereby annulling the marital bond. The Sages disagreed with regard to the details of this halakha: Beit Shammai say: Only betrothed girls may refuse. A girl may refuse, upon reaching adulthood, to remain married to the man to whom her mother or brothers married her as a minor after the death of her father. But Beit Hillel say that both betrothed and fully married girls may refuse. Beit Shammai say: Refusal may be directed only at her husband and not at her yavam. In such a situation, she must perform ḥalitza in order to dissolve the levirate bond. But Beit Hillel say: It may be directed at her husband or her yavam. Beit Shammai say: The refusal must take place specifically in the presence of the husband. But Beit Hillel say: It may take place either in his presence or in his absence. Beit Shammai say: The refusal must take place specifically in court. But Beit Hillel say: It may take place either in court, or not in court. Beit Hillel said to Beit Shammai: She may refuse as long as she is a minor, even four or five times if her relatives married her off again to another man after each refusal. Beit Shammai said to them: The daughters of Israel are not to be treated with disregard and should not be passed from one man to another. Rather, she refuses once. And then she must wait until she reaches majority, and refuse, and marry.
בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אֵין מְמָאֲנִין אֶלָּא אֲרוּסוֹת. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֲרוּסוֹת וּנְשׂוּאוֹת. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, בַּבַּעַל וְלֹא בַיָּבָם. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, בַּבַּעַל וּבַיָּבָם. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, בְּפָנָיו. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, בְּפָנָיו וְשֶׁלֹּא בְפָנָיו. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, בְּבֵית דִּין. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, בְּבֵית דִּין וְשֶׁלֹּא בְבֵית דִּין. אָמְרוּ לָהֶן בֵּית הִלֵּל לְבֵית שַׁמַּאי, מְמָאֶנֶת וְהִיא קְטַנָּה, אֲפִלּוּ אַרְבָּעָה וַחֲמִשָּׁה פְעָמִים. אָמְרוּ לָהֶן בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, אֵין בְּנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל הֶפְקֵר, אֶלָּא מְמָאֶנֶת וּמַמְתֶּנֶת עַד שֶׁתַּגְדִּיל, וּתְמָאֵן וְתִנָּשֵׂא:
א׳

בית שמאי אומרים אין ממאנין אלא ארוסות – an orphan girl whose mother and/or brothers married her off does not protest against/refuse her marriage other than from betrothal.

בבעל – [but] if he died and she did not protest against him and fell before a levir, she does not leave with a protest/annulment, but rather, she should wait until she grows up and performs the ritual of Halitzah.

אין בנות ישראל הפקר – and even from betrothal, she should not refuse and become betrothed to another [man] and then return and protest [again], but rather, she protests/refuses this one and she should delay from becoming betrothed to another until she grows up.

ותמאן ותנשא – not to go back and to protest/annul another time. But rather, this is what he said: she protests/annuls and delays from becoming betrothed to another [man] until she grows up, or if he want to get married, she annuls/refuses her husband and gets married immediately, for furthermore she does not protest/annul, according to the School of Shammai, for she is married.

בית שמאי אומרים אין ממאנין אלא ארוסות. יתומה שהשיאוה אמה ואחיה, אינה ממאנת אלא מן הארוסין:

בבעל. אבל אם מת ולא מיאנה בו ונפלה לפני יבם, אינה יוצאה במיאון, אלא תמתין עד שתגדיל ותחלוץ:

אין בנות ישראל הפקר. ואפילו מן האירוסין לא תמאן ותיארס לאחר ותחזור ותמאן. אלא ממאנת בזה ותמתין מליארס לאחר עד שתגדיל:

תמאן ותנשא. לאו למהדר ולמאן זמנא אחריתי, אלא הכי קאמר, ממאנת וממתנת מליארס לאחר עד שתגדיל, או אם רוצה להנשא ממאנת בבעלה ותנשא מיד, דתו לא ממאנת לבית שמאי דנשואה היא:

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