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Today's Mishnah Yomi

Kesuvos 2:9 - 2:10

The Mishnah Yomi for Friday, January 5, 2024 is Kesuvos 2:9 - 2:10

Mishnah 1

Mishnayos Kesuvos Perek 2 Mishnah 9

כתובות פרק ב׳ משנה ט׳

9
In the case of a woman who was imprisoned by gentiles due to a monetary offense committed by her husband, once she is released after he pays his debt, she is permitted to her husband, even if he is a priest. There is no concern that they violated her because their objective is to coerce the husband to pay his debt in exchange for her release. Were they to abuse her, it is possible that he would be unwilling to pay. However, if a woman was imprisoned due to a capital offense and sentenced to death, once she is released she is forbidden to her husband even if he is not a priest due to the concern that perhaps her captors violated her, and she acquiesced to one of them. With regard to a city that was conquered by an army laying siege, all the women married to priests located in the city are unfit and forbidden to their husbands, due to the concern that they were raped. And if they have witnesses, even if the witness is a slave, even if the witness is a maidservant, both of whom are generally disqualified as witnesses, they are deemed credible. And a person is not deemed credible to establish his status by his own testimony. Therefore, a woman is not deemed credible to claim that she was not violated. Rabbi Zekharya ben HaKatzav said: I swear by this abode of the Divine Presence that my wife’s hand did not move from my hand from the time that the gentiles entered Jerusalem until they left, and I know for a fact that she was not defiled. The Sages said to him: A person cannot testify about himself. The legal status of one’s wife is like his own status in this regard. Therefore, your testimony is not accepted, and your wife is forbidden to you.
הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁנֶּחְבְּשָׁה בִידֵי גוֹיִם עַל יְדֵי מָמוֹן, מֻתֶּרֶת לְבַעְלָהּ. עַל יְדֵי נְפָשׁוֹת, אֲסוּרָה לְבַעְלָהּ. עִיר שֶׁכְּבָשָׁהּ כַּרְכּוֹם, כָּל כֹּהֲנוֹת שֶׁנִּמְצְאוּ בְתוֹכָהּ, פְּסוּלוֹת. וְאִם יֵשׁ לָהֶן עֵדִים, אֲפִלּוּ עֶבֶד, אֲפִלּוּ שִׁפְחָה, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ נֶאֱמָנִין. וְאֵין נֶאֱמָן אָדָם עַל יְדֵי עַצְמוֹ. אָמַר רַבִּי זְכַרְיָה בֶן הַקַּצָּב, הַמָּעוֹן הַזֶּה, לֹא זָזָה יָדָהּ מִתּוֹךְ יָדִי מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁנִּכְנְסוּ גוֹיִם לִירוּשָׁלַיִם וְעַד שֶׁיָּצָאוּ. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אֵין אָדָם מֵעִיד עַל יְדֵי עַצְמוֹ:
ט׳

ע"י ממון מותרת לבעלה – for they are afraid of losing their money and don’t make it ownerless, and especially when the hand of the Israelites is strong over the idolaters, then she is permitted [to return] to her husband, even if her husband is a Kohen and it is not similar to a woman taken captive because they are frightened to lose their money, but when the hand of the idolaters is stronger, even through the case of money, she is prohibited to her husband if her husband is a Kohen, but if her husband is an Israelite, she is permitted in all matters, for the wife of an Israelite who meets with an accident is permitted to her husband.

כרכום – Aramaic translation is works of siege.

פסולות – they are prohibited to [marry] a Kohen for the wife of a Kohen is prohibited when she meets with an accident and if there is in the city a hiding place (see Tractate Ketubot 27a) that one woman can hide there, each one of the women of that city are believe to state, “I was hidden and I was not defiled,” and since she is able to say, “I was hidden,” she is believed; also when she stated: “I was not hidden and I was not defiled.”

המעון הזה – it is an oath.

אין אדם מעיד ע"י עצמו – and if a man testified about a woman taken captive that she is ritually pure, he should not marry her if he is a Kohen because of the suspicion and if he redeemed her from prison with his money, he may testify on her behalf and marries her for a person does not throw money at random (unless sure that there is no legal impediment to marrying the woman whom he is about to redeem)and if he did not known that she is pure, he would not give his money for her.

ע״י ממון מותרת לבעלה. שמפחדין להפסיד ממונם ולא מפקרי לה. ודוקא כשיד ישראל תקיפה על העובדי כוכבים אז מותרת לבעלה אפילו בעלה כהן, ולא דמי לשבויה, משום דמרתתי להפסיד ממונן. אבל כשיד העובדי כוכבים תקיפה, אפילו על ידי ממון אסורה לבעלה אם בעלה כהן. ואם בעלה ישראל מותרת בכל ענין, דאשת ישראל שנאנסה מותרת לבעלה:

על ידי נפשות. שהיתה נידונת למות, אסורה אפילו לבעלה ישראל, דחיישינן שמא נבעלה ברצון לאחד מהן:

כרכום. תרגום מצור, כרכומא:

פסולות. אסורות לכהן, דאשת כהן אסורה כשנאנסה. ואם יש בעיר מחבואה אחת שיכולה אשה אחת להחבא שם, כל אחת ואחת מנשי העיר נאמנות לומר במחבואה נחבאתי ולא נטמאתי, ומתוך שיכולה לומר נחבאתי, נאמנת גם כן כשאמרה לא נחבאתי ולא נטמאתי:

המעון הזה. שבועה היא:

אין אדם מעיד ע״י עצמו. ואם העיד אדם על שבויה שהיא טהורה הרי זה לא ישאנה אם הוא כהן, מפני החשד. ואם פדה אותה מן השבי בממונו הרי זה מעיד עליה ונושאה, דלא שדי אינש זוזי בכדי, ואם לא ידע שהיא טהורה לא נתן ממונו עליה:

Mishnah 2

Mishnayos Kesuvos Perek 2 Mishnah 10

כתובות פרק ב׳ משנה י׳

10
And these are deemed credible to testify in their majority with regard to what they saw in their minority. A person is deemed credible to say: This is my father’s handwriting, and to say: This is my teacher’s handwriting; and to say: This is my brother’s handwriting, even though he never saw their handwriting after reaching majority. § Similarly, one is deemed credible to say: I was reminded of the wedding of so-and-so, who went out with a hinnuma, or with her hair uncovered in a manner typical of virgins, and therefore, her marriage contract is two hundred dinars; and to say that so-and-so would leave school to immerse in order to partake of teruma, and that he would share teruma with us at the threshing floor and therefore he is a priest. Similarly, one is deemed credible to say: This place is a beit haperas, a field with a grave that was plowed, scattering the bones, and rendering the field a place of uncertain ritual impurity; and to say: Until here we would come on Shabbat and thereby determine the Shabbat boundary. However, a person is neither deemed credible to say: So-and-so had a path in this place; nor to say: So-and-so had a tract of land where they would perform the ritual of standing and sitting and deliver a eulogy in that place, thereby attesting that the land belongs to that person. The reason he is not deemed credible in those cases is that full-fledged testimony is required to remove property from the possession of its presumptive owner.
וְאֵלוּ נֶאֱמָנִין לְהָעִיד בְּגָדְלָן מָה שֶׁרָאוּ בְקָטְנָן. נֶאֱמָן אָדָם לוֹמַר, זֶה כְתַב יָדוֹ שֶׁל אַבָּא, וְזֶה כְתַב יָדוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי, וְזֶה כְתַב יָדוֹ שֶׁל אָחִי. זָכוּר הָיִיתִי בִפְלוֹנִית שֶׁיָּצְתָה בְהִנּוּמָא, וְרֹאשָׁהּ פָּרוּעַ. וְשֶׁהָיָה אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי יוֹצֵא מִבֵּית הַסֵּפֶר לִטְבֹּל לֶאֱכֹל בַּתְּרוּמָה. וְשֶׁהָיָה חוֹלֵק עִמָּנוּ עַל הַגֹּרֶן. וְהַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה בֵּית הַפְּרָס. וְעַד כָּאן הָיִינוּ בָאִין בְּשַׁבָּת. אֲבָל אֵין אָדָם נֶאֱמָן לוֹמַר, דֶּרֶךְ הָיָה לִפְלוֹנִי בַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה, מַעֲמָד וּמִסְפֵּד הָיָה לִפְלוֹנִי בַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה:
י׳

validating a document is all verbal, and the mitzvah of validating a document is from the rabbis and we are more lenient

שיצתה בהינומא וראשה פרוע – and she takes her Ketubah of two hundred [zuz] and even though they do not release money other than through clear testimony, it is different here, for most of the women are married as virgins, it is revealed as something general.

ושהיה איש פלוני יוצא מבית הספר – when we were studying as school children,

to eat Terumah and through this testimony, we feed Terumah of the Rabbis to him, such as for example Terumah/priest’s due that we remove from a pot without holes and things similar to it, but Terumah, according to the Torah, we don’t feed him through testimony such as this, and we do not suspect lest he ws the servant of a Kohen, for it is prohibited to teach the slave Torah.

ושהיה חולק עמנו על הגורן – and we do not suspect lest he was the servant of Kohen, for we do not distribute Terumah to a slave other than if his master is with him.

ושהמקום הזה בית הפרס – A person who plows the grave makes a a field of a square P’ras, declared unclean on account of crushed bones carried over it from a ploughed grave which is one hundred cubits for this is what they measured that the plough drags the bones of the dead and the defilement of the field of a square P’ras according to the Rabbis.

ועד כאן היינו באין בשבת – the Rabbinic Sabbath limits.

מעמד ומספד – a place which he had herei. to eulogize his dead and to make the “standing up and sitting down” (i.e., the halting of the funeral escort on returning from burial for lamentation or consolation) which they would do for the dead, in this he Is not believed, which is a monetary matter, and which requires complete testimony.

זה כתב ידו של אבא. ומקיימין השטר על פיו, שקיום שטרות דרבנן והימנוהו רבנן בדרבנן:

שיצתה בהינומא וראשה פרוע. ונוטלת כתובה מאתים. ואף על גב דלא מפקינן ממונא אלא בעדות ברורה, הכא שאני, הואיל ורוב נשים בתולות נישאות, גילוי מלתא בעלמא הוא:

ושהיה איש פלוני יוצא מבית הספר. כשהיינו לומדין תינוקות בבית רבן:

לאכול בתרומה. ועל פי עדות זו מאכילין ליה תרומה דרבנן, כגון תרומה שמוציאין מעציץ שאינו נקוב וכיוצא בזה. אבל תרומה דאורייתא אין מאכילין על פי עדות כזה. ולא חיישינן שמא עבד כהן היה, שאסור ללמד את העבד תורה:

ושהיה חולק עמנו על הגורן. ולא חיישינן שמא עבד כהן היה, שאין חולקים תרומה לעבד אא״כ רבו עמו:

ושהמקום הזה בית הפרס. החורש את הקבר הרי זה עושה בית הפרס מאה אמה, שכך שיערו שהמחרישה מולכת עצמות המת. וטומאת בית הפרס דרבנן:

ועד כאן היינו באין בשבת. דתחומים דרבנן:

מעמד ומספד. מקום היה לו כאן להספיד מתיו ולעשות מעמדות ומושבות שהיו עושין למת, בהא לא מהימן, שהוא דבר שבממון וצריך עדות גמורה:

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