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Today's Mishnah Yomi

Kesuvos 3:1 - 3:2

The Mishnah Yomi for Saturday, January 6, 2024 is Kesuvos 3:1 - 3:2

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Mishnah 1

Mishnayos Kesuvos Perek 3 Mishnah 1

כתובות פרק ג׳ משנה א׳

1
These are the cases of young women for whom there is a fine paid to their fathers by one who rapes them: One who engages in intercourse with a mamzeret, or with a Gibeonite woman [netina], who are given [netunim] to the service of the people and the altar (see Joshua 9:27), or with a Samaritan woman [kutit]. In addition, the same applies to one who engages in intercourse with a female convert, or with a captive woman, or with a maidservant, provided that the captives were ransomed, or that the converts converted, or that the maidservants were liberated when they were less than three years and one day old, as only in that case do they maintain the presumptive status of a virgin. Similarly, one who engages in intercourse with his sister, i.e., he rapes her, or with his father’s sister, or with his mother’s sister, or with his wife’s sister, or with his brother’s wife, or with his father’s brother’s wife after they divorced, or with a menstruating woman, there is a fine paid. Although there is karet for engaging in relations with any of the women enumerated in this list, one is liable to pay the fine because there is no court-imposed capital punishment. In cases where there is a court-imposed death penalty, the rapist would be exempt from paying the fine.
אֵלּוּ נְעָרוֹת שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהֶן קְנָס. הַבָּא עַל הַמַּמְזֶרֶת, וְעַל הַנְּתִינָה, וְעַל הַכּוּתִית. הַבָּא עַל הַגִּיּוֹרֶת, וְעַל הַשְּׁבוּיָה, וְעַל הַשִּׁפְחָה, שֶׁנִּפְדּוּ וְשֶׁנִּתְגַּיְּרוּ וְשֶׁנִּשְׁתַּחְרְרוּ פְּחוּתוֹת מִבְּנוֹת שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד. הַבָּא עַל אֲחוֹתוֹ, וְעַל אֲחוֹת אָבִיו, וְעַל אֲחוֹת אִמּוֹ, וְעַל אֲחוֹת אִשְׁתּוֹ, וְעַל אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו, וְעַל אֵשֶׁת אֲחִי אָבִיו, וְעַל הַנִּדָּה, יֵשׁ לָהֶן קְנָס. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהֵן בְּהִכָּרֵת, אֵין בָּהֶן מִיתַת בֵּית דִּין:
א׳

אלו נערות – for even though they are ineligible/invalid [as marriageable parners], they are assessed a fine. If a man perpetrated violence against one of them, he gives to her father fifty silver [coins].

הנתינה – from the Gibeonites and on account that Joshua made them choppers of wood and water carriers, they are called Netinim, and they forbidden to enter into the community [of Israel].

על הכותית – This Tanna/teacher holds that Kutim are “lion-proselytes,” (i.e., proselytes from mere fear, with reference to II Kings 17:25) and are considered as heathens.

פחותות מבת שלש שנים – that is they have the legal presumption of being virgins, even though they had intercourse during captivity or while in a gentile status, their virginity returns.

ועל אשת אחיו ועל אשת אחי אביו – that she was betrothed to one of them or divorced from betrothal, and she was still a virgin.

שאע"פ הן בהכרת אין בהן מיתת ב"ד – and extirpation does not exempt from payment/indemnity, and these words [apply] where there had been no warning but if they ad been warning, one is exempt from the fine, for hold that those who are liable for extirpation who had been warned are flogged, for no one is flogged and pays a fine.

אלו נערות. שאף על פי שהן פסולות יש להן קנס. אם אנס אדם אחת מהן נותן לאביה חמשים כסף:

הנתינה. מן הגבעונים. ועל שם שנתנם יהושע חוטבי עצים ושואבי מים נקראים נתינים. והם אסורים לבא בקהל:

ועל הכותית. האי תנא סבר כותים גירי אריות הם וכגוים הם חשובים:

פחותות מבת שלש שנים. דבחזקת בתולות הן, שאף על פי שנבעלו בשביה או בגיותן, בתוליהן חוזרים:

ועל אשת אחיו ועל אשת אחי אביו. שנתקדשה לאחד מהן ונתגרשה מן האירוסין, ועדיין בתולה היא:

שאע״פ שהן בהכרת אין בהן מיתת ב״ד. וכרת אינו פוטר מן התשלומין. והני מלי, שלא היתה שם התראה. אבל אם היתה שם התראה פטור מן הקנס, דקיי״ל כל חייבי כריתות שהתרו בהן לוקין, ואין אדם לוקה ומשלם:

Mishnah 2

Mishnayos Kesuvos Perek 3 Mishnah 2

כתובות פרק ג׳ משנה ב׳

2
And these are the cases of young women who do not have a fine paid to their fathers when they are raped or seduced: One who has intercourse with a convert or with a captive woman or with a gentile maidservant, who were redeemed, converted, or emancipated when they were more than three years and one day old, as presumably they are no longer virgins. Rabbi Yehuda says: A captive woman who was redeemed remains in her state of sanctity even though she is an adult, as it cannot be stated that she certainly engaged in intercourse. The mishna resumes its list of the cases of young women who are not entitled to a fine when raped or seduced by the following men: In the case of one who engages in intercourse with his daughter, with his daughter’s daughter, with his son’s daughter, with his wife’s daughter, with her son’s daughter, or with her daughter’s daughter; they do not receive payment of a fine. That is due to the fact that he is liable to receive the death penalty, and that their death penalty is administered by the court, and anyone who is liable to receive the death penalty does not pay money, as it is stated: “And yet no harm follow, he shall be punished” (Exodus 21:22). This verse indicates that if a woman dies and the one who struck her is liable to receive the death penalty, he is exempt from payment.
וְאֵלּוּ שֶׁאֵין לָהֶן קְנָס, הַבָּא עַל הַגִּיּוֹרֶת וְעַל הַשְּׁבוּיָה וְעַל הַשִּׁפְחָה שֶׁנִּפְדּוּ וְשֶׁנִּתְגַּיְּרוּ וְשֶׁנִּשְׁתַּחְרְרוּ יְתֵרוֹת עַל בְּנוֹת שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שְׁבוּיָה שֶׁנִּפְדֵּית, הֲרֵי הִיא בִקְדֻשָּׁתָהּ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁגְּדוֹלָה. הַבָּא עַל בִּתּוֹ, עַל בַּת בִּתּוֹ, עַל בַּת בְּנוֹ, עַל בַּת אִשְׁתּוֹ, עַל בַּת בְּנָהּ, עַל בַּת בִּתָּהּ, אֵין לָהֶן קְנָס, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁמִּתְחַיֵּב בְּנַפְשׁוֹ, שֶׁמִּיתָתוֹ בִידֵי בֵית דִּין. וְכָל הַמִּתְחַיֵּב בְּנַפְשׁוֹ, אֵין מְשַׁלֵּם מָמוֹן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות כא) וְלֹא יִהְיֶה אָסוֹן עָנוֹשׁ יֵעָנֵשׁ:
ב׳

יתריות על בנות שלש שנים – for since they are appropriate for coition with the legal presumption that they are ownerless, and they had intercourse in their gentile status, and the captive woman while she is in her captivity.

הרי היא בקדושתה – and she is not in the legal status of one no longer a virgin even though she had been taken captive while she was an adult, but the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.

ולא יהיה און ענוש יענש – surely if there will be an accident with one of these two people who are arguing that one of them was killed , the person who killed is not punished monetarily for he is liable death penalty by the Jewish court because they killed this one, there is no difference regarding the sin which makes one liable for death by the Jewish court whether inadvertently or willfully, is always exempt from payment/indemnity, but concerning a transgression where one is liable for extirpation through it, or stripes/flogging, he is not exempt from payment/indemnity until there will be witnesses and warning and he will be flogged and then does not pay.

יתירות על בנות שלש שנים. דכיון דראויות לביאה בחזקת הפקר הן ונבעלות בגיותן, והשבויה בשבייתה:

הרי היא בקדושתה. ואינה בחזקת בעולה אף על פי שנשבית כשהיא גדולה. ואין הלכה כר׳ יהודה:

ולא יהיה אסון ענוש יענש. הא אם יהיה אסון באחד משני אלו האנשים המריבין, שנהרג אחד מהן, לא יענש ההורג בממון, שהרי הוא חייב מיתת בית דין כיון שהרגו לזה. ואין הפרש בעבירה שחייבין עליה מיתת ב״ד בין שוגג למזיד לעולם פטור מתשלומין. אבל בעבירה שחייבין עליה כרת או מלקות אינו פטור מן התשלומין עד שיהיה שם עדים והתראה וילקה, ואז אינו משלם:

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