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Today's Mishnah Yomi

Sotah 5:2 - 5:3

The Mishnah Yomi for Monday, May 20, 2024 is Sotah 5:2 - 5:3

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Mishnah 1

Mishnayos Sotah Perek 5 Mishnah 2

סוטה פרק ה׳ משנה ב׳

2
On that same day that Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya was appointed head of the Sanhedrin, Rabbi Akiva interpreted the verse: “And every earthen vessel into which any of them falls, whatever is in it shall be impure [yitma], and you shall break it” (Leviticus 11:33), as follows: The verse does not state: Is impure [tamei], but rather: “Shall be impure,” in order to indicate that not only does the vessel itself become ritually impure, but it can now render other items ritually impure. This teaches with regard to a loaf that has second-degree ritual impurity status due to its being placed inside an earthenware vessel that had first-degree impurity, that it can render other food with which it comes into contact impure with third-degree impurity status. After hearing Rabbi Akiva’s statement, Rabbi Yehoshua said: Who will remove the dirt from your eyes, Rabban Yoḥanan ben Zakkai, so that you could live and see this? As you would say: In the future, another generation is destined to deem pure a loaf that contracted third-degree impurity, as there is no explicit verse from the Torah stating that it is impure. But now Rabbi Akiva, your disciple, brings a verse from the Torah indicating that it is impure, as it is stated: “Whatever is in it shall be impure.”
בּוֹ בַּיּוֹם דָּרַשׁ רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, (ויקרא יא) וְכָל כְּלִי חֶרֶשׂ אֲשֶׁר יִפֹּל מֵהֶם אֶל תּוֹכוֹ כֹּל אֲשֶׁר בְּתוֹכוֹ יִטְמָא, אֵינוֹ אוֹמֵר טָמֵא אֶלָּא יִטְמָא, לְטַמֵּא אֲחֵרִים, לִמֵּד עַל כִּכָּר שֵׁנִי שֶׁמְּטַמֵּא אֶת הַשְּׁלִישִׁי. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, מִי יְגַלֶּה עָפָר מֵעֵינֶיךָ, רַבָּן יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי, שֶׁהָיִיתָ אוֹמֵר, עָתִיד דּוֹר אַחֵר לְטַהֵר כִּכָּר שְׁלִישִׁי, שֶׁאֵין לוֹ מִקְרָא מִן הַתּוֹרָה שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא. וַהֲלֹא עֲקִיבָא תַּלְמִידְךָ מֵבִיא לוֹ מִקְרָא מִן הַתּוֹרָה שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר, כֹּל אֲשֶׁר בְּתוֹכוֹ יִטְמָא:
ב׳

בו ביום דרש – every place where it teaches: "בו ביום"–on that selfsame day is the day where they appointed Rabbi Eleazar ben Azariah to the presidency, when the [number of] students were increased, they gave permission to all to enter (see Talmud Berakhot 28a). [And because of] of this exposition of נטמאה ונטמאה–she defiled herself (Numbers 5:27); and defiles herself (Numbers 5:29), also was expounded on that selfsame day, we take it as a tradition for all of these here.

כלי חרס – it is a first level of ritual impurity which was defiled from the unclean reptile which is one of the direct causes of Levitical impurity.

אינו אומר טמא – (Leviticus 11:33): “everything inside it shall be unclean”; it does not say טמא–is impure–unclean but rather יטמא–will be unclean–impure. It comes to expound also – that יטמא means – that it defiles other things.

למד על ככר שני – therefore it took the tradition of a loaf because it is found in an oven.

שמטמא את השלישי – and even that which is non-holy, for the Biblical verse was written undefined.

דור אחר – from those who will come in the future who will purify the third level of Levitical impurity, and even Terumah–priest’s due which has no Biblical verse regarding it from the Torah.

והרי עקיבא תלמידך מביא לו ראיה מן המקרא שהוא טמא – even for non-holy produce, but the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Akiva and something that is second level of Levitical impurity does not make something third level of Levitical impurity for non-holy produce, but only for produce dedicated to the Temple.

בו ביום דרש. כל היכי דתנינן בו ביום, ביום שהושיבו את ר׳ אלעזר בן עזריה לנשיאות שנתרבו התלמידים, שנתנו רשות לכל ליכנס. ומשום דהך דרשה דנטמאה ונטמאה נמי בו ביום נדרשה, נקטינהו לכל הנך הכא:

כלי חרס. הוא ראשון, שנטמא מן השרץ שהוא אב. והאוכל שבתובו שני שטמאו הכלי:

אינו אומר טמא. כל אשר בתובו טמא. אלא יטמא, למדרש ביה נמי יטמא, שמטמא את אחרים:

למד על ככר שני. להכי נקט ככר, לפי שהוא מצוי בתנור:

שמטמא את השלישי. ואפילו בחולין. דקרא סתמא כתיב:

דור אחר. מן העתידים לבא. שיטהר את השלישי, ואף בתרומה, שאין לו מקרא מן התורה:

והרי עקיבא תלמידד מביא לו ראיה מן המקרא שהוא טמא. אף בחולין. ואין הלכה כר״ע, דאין שני עושה שלישי בחולין, אלא בתרומה:

Mishnah 2

Mishnayos Sotah Perek 5 Mishnah 3

סוטה פרק ה׳ משנה ג׳

3
Furthermore, on that same day Rabbi Akiva interpreted the verses with regard to the Levite cities as follows: One verse states: “And you shall measure outside the city for the east side two thousand cubits…this shall be for them the open land outside the cities” (Numbers 35:5), and another verse states: “And the open land around the cities, which you shall give to the Levites, shall be from the wall of the city and outward one thousand cubits round about” (Numbers 35:4). It is impossible to say that the area around the cities given to the Levites was only one thousand cubits, as it is already stated: “Two thousand cubits.” And it is impossible to say that two thousand cubits were left for them, as it is already stated: “One thousand cubits.” How can these texts be reconciled? One thousand cubits are to be set aside as a tract of open land surrounding the city, and the two thousand cubits are mentioned not in order to be given to the Levites, but to indicate the boundary of the Shabbat limit, beyond which it is forbidden to travel on Shabbat. This verse thereby serves as the source for the two-thousand-cubit Shabbat limit. Rabbi Eliezer, son of Rabbi Yosei HaGelili, says otherwise: One thousand cubits were given to the Levites as an open tract of land, that could not be planted or built upon, and two thousand cubits of additional land were given to the Levites for planting fields and vineyards.
בּוֹ בַיּוֹם דָּרַשׁ רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא (במדבר לה) וּמַדֹּתֶם מִחוּץ לָעִיר אֶת פְּאַת קֵדְמָה אַלְפַּיִם בָּאַמָּה וְגוֹ', וּמִקְרָא אַחֵר אוֹמֵר (שם) מִקִּיר הָעִיר וָחוּצָה אֶלֶף אַמָּה סָבִיב. אִי אֶפְשָׁר לוֹמַר אֶלֶף אַמָּה, שֶׁכְּבָר נֶאֱמַר אַלְפַּיִם אַמָּה, וְאִי אֶפְשָׁר לוֹמַר אַלְפַּיִם אַמָּה, שֶׁכְּבָר נֶאֱמַר אֶלֶף אַמָּה. הָא כֵיצַד, אֶלֶף אַמָּה מִגְרָשׁ, וְאַלְפַּיִם אַמָּה תְּחוּם שַׁבָּת. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בְּנוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי אוֹמֵר, אֶלֶף אַמָּה מִגְרָשׁ, וְאַלְפַּיִם אַמָּה שָׂדוֹת וּכְרָמִים:
ג׳

מגרש – an open place free from sowing and from trees for the beauty of the city. But two-thousand [cubits] is not mentioned there for the Levites and is not mentioned other than [for leaving from the limits of] Shabbat.

שדות וכרמים – and two-thousand [cubits] surrounding they gave to the Levites, and from them they left one-thousand [cubits] surrounding the city for the fields and the rest of the fields and vineyards. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Eliezer the son of Rabbi Yosi HaGlili that the Sabbath limit is two-thousand [cubits] according to the Rabbis.

מגרש. רחבה פנויה מזריעה ומאילנות לנוי העיר: ואלפים לא הוזכר לתתם ללויים ולא נאמרו אלא ליציאת תחום שבת:

שדות וכרמים. ואלפים סביב נתנו ללוים. מהם הניחו אלף סביב העיר למגרש, והשאר שדות וכרמים. והלכה כרבי אליעזר בנו של רבי יוסי הגלילי, שתחום אלפים אמה דרבנן:

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