Kiddushin 1:10 - 2:1

כל העושה מצוה אחת – greater than his merits, so that his merits would be greater than his sins.

מטיבין לו ומאריכין את ימיו – for the world to come.

ונוחל את הארץ – the land of the living.

וכל שאינו עושה מצוה אחת – for his sins were greater than his merits and he doesn’t do one Mitzvah so that half [of his deeds] would be meritorious and half for liability, but his sins remained greater.

ולא בדרך ארץ – that his dealings with others would not be joyous.

אינו מן הישוב – that are inappropriate for the public welfare, for their dwelling is like those who dwell with the insolent (see Psalms 1:1) and they are invalid to give testimony.

האיש מקדש בו ובשלוחו – at first by him and afterwards with his agent, for it is a greater Mitzvah by him than with his agent, for when he engages himself in the Mitzvah, he receives greater reward. And we derive [the concept] that the agent of a person is [considered] like that person (see also Mishnah Berakhot, Chapter 5, Mishnah 5) from a Biblical verse, as it is written (Exodus 12:6): “and all the assembled congregation of the Israelites shall slaughter it [at twilight],” for does the entire people of Israel slaughter the Passover [sacrifice]? But from here [we derive the concept] that the agent of a person is like that person.

האיש מקדש בת בתו כשהיא נערה – and all the more so when she is a minor. And the fact that the Mishnah took [the terminology] “a girl between the ages of twelve and twelve-and-one-half years of age” is the custom which comes to teach us that it is forbidden for a man to betroth his daughter when she is a minor until she grows [to adulthood] and says that I want [to be with] so-and-so.

ואם לאו, אינה מקודשת – for since he [i.e., the prospective husband] said, be betrothed to me, be betrothed to me, each one is [considered] betrothal on their own.

עד שיהא באחת מהן שוה פרוטה – this one of them is not established other with the concluding one of them, for if he said to her, “be betrothed to me with this, with that and with the other” and she would consume one at a time, all that she has consumed would be like a loan regarding her, and when she reaches the final one, the betrothal is completed; if it has [the value of] the equivalent of a Perutah/penny, he would betroth with a loan and a Perutah, and we establish that he who betroths with a loan and a Perutah, her mind is on the Perutah and she is betrothed; but if the last [item] is not worth a Perutah, even though that what came before is worth the equivalent of a Perutah, when we arrive at the conclusion of the betrothal, it is a betrothal through a loan, and one who [tries to] betroths through a loan, [the woman] is not betrothed.