Today's Mishnah Yomi
Sanhedrin 4:2 - 4:3
The Mishnah Yomi for Sunday, December 29, 2024 is Sanhedrin 4:2 - 4:3
Mishnah 1
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Mishnayos Sanhedrin Perek 4 Mishnah 2
סנהדרין פרק ד׳ משנה ב׳
Bartenura
מן הצד. מן הקטנים בחכמה שהיו יושבים בצד. דאמר קרא (שם כ״ג) לא תענה על ריב. וכתיב רב, כלומר לא תענה על מופלא שבבית דין ולנטות מדבריו, לפיכך אין שומעין דבריו אלא בסוף:
הכל כשרים לדון. ואפילו גר. והוא שתהא אמו מישראל. וממזר נמי כשר לדון דיני ממונות:
ואין הכל כשרים לדון דיני נפשות. דכתיב (שמות י״ח:כ״ב) והקל מעליך ונשאו אתך, בדומין לך, מה משה רבינו מיוחס אף בי״ד מיוחסים:
Mishnah 2
Mishnayos Sanhedrin Perek 4 Mishnah 3
סנהדרין פרק ד׳ משנה ג׳
Bartenura
כחצי גורן עגולה כדי שיהו רואים זה את זה – As Scripture states (Song of Songs 7:3): “Your navel is like a round goblet…” [The words] "שררך אגן"/”your navel is like” – refers to the Sanhedrin which sits in the navel of the world and defends the entire world, and it is similar to a goblet, as they sit in a circle like a half-moon. The Aramaic translation of ירח/moon is סיהרא /moonlight. But in a complete circle they do not sit because the litigants and the witnesses need to enter and to speak in the presence of everyone.
רבי יהודה אומר: שלשה היו – in order that there would be two witnesses for those who acquit and two witnesses for those who declare guilty.
כחצי גורן עגולה כדי שיהו רואים זה את זה. דאמר קרא (שיר השירים ז׳:ג׳) שררך אגן הסהר. שררך אגן זו סנהדרין שיושבת בטבורו של עולם ומגינה על כל העולם כולו, והיא דומה לסהר, שיושבים בעגול כחצי ירח. תרגום ירח, סיהרא. ובעגולה שלימה אין יושבים מפני שצריכים בעלי דינים והעדים ליכנס ולדבר בפני כולם:
רבי יהודה אומר שלשה היו. כדי שיהיו שני עדים על המזכין ושני עדים על המחייבין. ואין הלכה כר״י:
Mishnah Yomi FAQ
What is Mishnah Yomi?
Mishnah Yomi is a daily study program where participants study two mishnayot (individual teachings from the Mishnah) every day. By following this program, one can complete the entire Mishnah in about six years.
What is the Mishnah?
The Mishnah is the first major written collection of Jewish oral traditions, forming the basis of the Talmud. It dates back to around 200 CE and consists of teachings and discussions of Jewish law by various rabbis.
Who started the Mishnah Yomi program?
In 1934, the Kozoglover Gaon, Rav Aryeh Tzvi Frommer, who took over from Rav Meir Shapiro (the founder of Daf Yomi) as the head of Yeshivas Chachmei Lublin, initiated the Mishnah Yomi cycle, focusing on Seder Zeraim and Seder Taharos. After World War II, in 1947, Rav Yonah Sztencl, a disciple of Rav Frommer, expanded the program, advocating for a comprehensive study of Shishah Sidrei Mishnah. The idea of studying two Mishnayos daily gained the support of figures like Rav Isser Zalman Meltzer, the Tchebiner Rov, and the Gerer Rebbe, marking the formal inception of Mishnah Yomi.
How long does it take to complete the Mishnah with Mishnah Yomi?
Following the Mishnah Yomi program, one can complete the Mishnah in approximately six years.
Can anyone join Mishnah Yomi?
Yes, anyone interested in studying the Mishnah can start the Mishnah Yomi cycle. There’s no need for prior knowledge; beginners are welcome.
Do I need to know Hebrew to study Mishnah Yomi?
While the Mishnah is originally in Hebrew, there are numerous translations and commentaries available in various languages, making it accessible to anyone interested in studying.
Is there a specific time of day to study Mishnah Yomi?
There’s no designated time. Participants can choose a time that best fits their schedule.
Can I study Mishnah Yomi with a group?
Yes, many communities and synagogues organize group study sessions for Mishnah Yomi. Studying in a group can enhance understanding and foster camaraderie.
What if I miss a day?
If you miss a day, you can catch up by studying the missed mishnayot alongside the current day’s study or by dedicating some extra time until you’re back on track.
מן הצד – from the smallest in wisdom who were sitting on the side, as Scripture states (Exodus 23:2): “…you shall not give perverse testimony/"לא תענה על-רב" in a dispute…” It is written as "רב" [even though in the fuller written version it is pronounced as "ריב" ) – meaning do not pervert testimony of the expert assessor at court to whom questions of law are referred/the distinguished instructing judge and pervert his words, therefore, we do not listen to his words other than at the conclusion [of the proceedings].
הכל כשרים לדון – and even a convert [may judge monetary cases], and he whose mother is from Israel, and an illegitimate person/Mamzer is also fit to judge monetary cases.
ואין הכל כשרים לדון דיני נפשות – As it is written (Exodus 18:22): “…Make it easier for yourself by letting them share the burden with you,” those that are similar to you. Just as Moses our teacher is of distinguished birth/legitimate descent, so to the Jewish court must be of distinguished birth/legitimate descent.