Mishnayos Zevachim Perek 14 Mishnah 9
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זבחים פרק י"ד משנה ט׳
With regard to all offerings that one consecrated during a period of prohibition of private altars and sacrificed during a period of prohibition of private altars, if he sacrificed them outside their designated area, for these animals he is in violation of both the positive mitzva to sacrifice the offering in the place chosen by God and the prohibition against sacrificing them on a private altar, and he is liable to receive karet for doing it. If one consecrated the animals during a period of permitting of private altars and sacrificed them during a period of prohibition of private altars, outside their designated area, for these animals he is in violation of a positive mitzva and a prohibition, but he is not liable to receive karet for sacrificing them. If he consecrated the animals during a period of prohibition of private altars and sacrificed them during a period of permitting of private altars, outside their designated area, for these animals he is in violation of a positive mitzva for failure to bring it to the Tabernacle, but these animals are not subject to a prohibition, as it is permitted to sacrifice on a private altar.
כָּל הַקֳּדָשִׁים שֶׁהִקְדִּישָׁן בִּשְׁעַת אִסּוּר בָּמוֹת, וְהִקְרִיבָן בִּשְׁעַת אִסּוּר בָּמוֹת בַּחוּץ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ בַעֲשֵׂה וְלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה, וְחַיָּבִין עֲלֵיהֶן כָּרֵת. הִקְדִּישָׁן בִּשְׁעַת הֶתֵּר בָּמוֹת, וְהִקְרִיבָן בִּשְׁעַת אִסּוּר בָּמוֹת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ בַעֲשֵׂה וְלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה, וְאֵין חַיָּבִין עֲלֵיהֶן כָּרֵת. הִקְדִּישָׁן בִּשְׁעַת אִסּוּר בָּמוֹת וְהִקְרִיבָן בִּשְׁעַת הֶתֵּר בָּמוֹת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ בַעֲשֵׂה וְאֵין בָּהֶם בְּלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה:
Bartenura
הרי אלו בעשה. דשמה תביאו את עולותיכם, דמשמע אבל לא בבמה, ולאו הבא מכלל עשה עשה. אי נמי, עשה והביאום לה׳, ולא תעשה דהשמר לך פן תעלה עולותיך, וכל מקום שנאמר השמר פן ואל, אינו אלא לא תעשה:
ואין חייבין עליהם כרת. כיון שהקדישם בשעת היתר הבמות, שאין המקריב בחוץ חייב כרת אלא על קרבן שאם הקריבו בחוץ בשעת הקדשו היה חייב, דומיא דמדבר, דבכרת דשחוטי חוץ כתיב (ויקרא י״ז:ז׳) חוקת עולם תהיה זאת להם, זאת להם ואין אחרת להם:
הקדישן בשעת איסור הבמות. מההיא שעתא קרינן בהו והביאום לה׳, וכיון שהמתין עד שלא יכול לקיימו נתבטל העשה על ידו. אבל לאו וכרת ליכא, דאזהרה ועונש בשעת הקרבה כתיבי, והרי הותרו הבמות:
הרי אלו בעשה – (Deuteronomy 12:11): “then you must bring everything [that I command you to the site where the LORD our God will choose to establish His name] your burnt-offerings [and other sacrifices, your tithes and contributions, and all the choice votive offerings that you vow to the LORD].,” that implies [there] but not at the temporary altars, and the prohibition is inferred from a positive commandment is a positive commandment [and its law is like a positive commandment]. Alternatively, the positive commandment of (Leviticus 17:5): “that they may bring them before the LORD, [to the priest, at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting, and offer them as sacrifices of well-being to the LORD],” and the negative commandment of (Deuteronomy 12:13): “Take care not to sacrifice your burnt offerings [in any place that you like],” and “every place”/"כל מקום" that is stated [in this verse], [the words]"השמר"/ “take care,” "פן"/not and "אל" /”do not” is not anything other than a negative commandment.
ואין חייבין עליהם כרת – because he dedicated them at the time when the temporary altars were permitted, that the person offering the sacrifice outside [the Temple courtyard] is not liable for extirpation other than on a sacrifice that if he offered it outside at the time he dedicated it, he would be liable similar to the wilderness, for extirpation is written regarding thoses who slaughtered it outside [of the Tabernacle], it is written (Leviticus 17:7): “[and that they offer their sacrifices no more to the goat-demons after whom they stray.] This shall be to them a law for all time, [throughout the ages,” “that shall be to them,” but not another to them.
הקדישן בשעת איסור הבמות – from that time, we call them: (Leviticus 17:5): “that they may bring them before the LORD,” but since he waited until he was not able to fulfill it, the positive command was nullified through him, but there is no negative command nor extirpation, for the warning and the punishment at the time of the offering is written, but surely the temporary altars were permitted.