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Mishnayos Taharos Perek 2 Mishnah 3

טהרות פרק ב׳ משנה ג׳

3

First [degree uncleanness] in common food is unclean and conveys uncleanness; Second [degree uncleanness] invalidates but does not convey uncleanness. And third [degree uncleanness] may be eaten in a dish mixed with terumah.

הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁבַּחֻלִּין, טָמֵא וּמְטַמֵּא. הַשֵּׁנִי פּוֹסֵל וְלֹא מְטַמֵּא. וְהַשְּׁלִישִׁי נֶאֱכָל בִּנְזִיד הַדָּמַע:

ג׳
Bartenura

הראשון שבחולין טמא ומטמא – [defiles] heave-offering/priest’s due, that a loaf of heave-offering that came in contact with first-degree [of ritual impurity] of unconsecrated foods, becomes second-degree [of ritual impurity] and makes third-degree [of ritual impurity] unfit/invalid.

והשני שבחולין – makes heave-offering unfit/invalid but does not defile, for third-degree [of ritual defilement] of heave-offering does not make something fourth-degree [of ritual defilement], therefore third-degree [of ritual defilement] of heave-offering is not considered defiled, but rather unfit/invalid.

והשלישי של חולין – this is what he said and if there is in those unconsecrated foods third-degree [of ritual impurity] as, for example, that they became through the purification of heave-offering/priest’s due.

נאכל בנזיד הדמע (is consumed in a pottage of Holy Things)- in a cooked dish [that heave-offering] is mixed in, for the heave-offering/Terumah is called דמע/Holy Things (i.e., another name for Terumah) , as it is stated (Exodus 22:28): "מלאתך ודמעך לא תאחר [בכור בניך תתן-לי]"/You shall not put off the skimming of the first yield of your vats. [You shall give to Me the first-born among your sons],” and in the second chapter of [Tractate] Hullin (folio 34b), it proves that specifically, when there isn’t in the pottage of Holy Things an olive’s bulk of heave offering incidentally for consuming a certain quantity of bread (i.e., a piece, which is defined by the Tosefta Negaim, Chapter 7, Halakha 10 as half a loaf of which three make a Kab) that permits him to eat food which is third-degree [of ritual impurity], but if there is an olive’s bulk of heave-offering incidentally for consuming a certain quantity of bread (i.e., half a loaf), it is prohibited, for we hold that a person who consumes that which is third-degree [of ritual impurity] from unconsecrated food, that was made through the purification of Terumah/heave-offering, his body is made unfit from consuming heave-offering.

הראשון שבחולין טמא ומטמא. תרומה. שככר של תרומה שנגע בראשון של חולין, נעשה שני ופוסל את השלישי:

והשני שבחולין. פוסל את התרומה ואינו מטמא, דשלישי דתרומה לא עביד רביעי, הלכך שלישי דתרומה לא מקרי טמא אלא פסול:

והשלישי של חולין. הכי קאמר, ואם יש באותן חולין שלישי, כגון שנעשו על טהרת תרומה:

נאכל בנזיד הדמע. בתבשיל [שתרומה] מעורבת בו. והתרומה קרויה דמע, שנאמר (שמות כ״ב:כ״ח) מלאתך ודמעך לא תאחר. ובפ״ב דחולין מוכיח דדוקא כשאין בנזיד הדמע כזית תרומה בכדי אכילת פרס הוא דשרי ליה לאכול אוכל שלישי, אבל אי איכא כזית תרומה בכדי אכילת פרס, אסור, דקיימא לן האוכל אוכל שלישי מחולין שנעשו על טהרת תרומה, נפסל גופו מלאכול בתרומה: