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Mishnayos Taanis Perek 2 Mishnah 7

תענית פרק ב׳ משנה ז׳

7

The mishna mentions another difference between the members of the priestly watch and the patrilineal family: The members of the priestly watch were permitted to drink wine during the nights, but not during the days, as they might be called upon to assist in the Temple service, which may not be performed after drinking wine. And the members of the patrilineal family, who performed the Temple service, were not permitted to drink wine, neither at night nor during the day, as their tasks were performed at night as well. It is prohibited for both the members of the priestly watch and the members of the non-priestly watch to cut their hair or launder their garments throughout the week, but on Thursday it is permitted for them to cut their hair and launder their clothes in deference to Shabbat.

אַנְשֵׁי מִשְׁמָר מֻתָּרִים לִשְׁתּוֹת יַיִן בַּלֵּילוֹת, אֲבָל לֹא בַיָּמִים. וְאַנְשֵׁי בֵית אָב, לֹא בַיּוֹם וְלֹא בַלָּיְלָה. אַנְשֵׁי מִשְׁמָר וְאַנְשֵׁי מַעֲמָד אֲסוּרִין מִלְּסַפֵּר וּמִלְּכַבֵּס, וּבַחֲמִישִׁי מֻתָּרִין מִפְּנֵי כְבוֹד הַשַּׁבָּת:

ז׳
Bartenura

אנשי משמר מותרין לשתות יין – This is not referring to the fast, but it is these are speaking of the membes of the division that they bring it here.

בלילות – that we should not fear lest the service become too heavy on the men of each division who served daily at night where they [i.e., others] would need to come to assist them.

לא ביום ולא בלילה – since they had to bring up all night fats and limbs that sprang from the altar.

אנשי מעמד – these were Israelites who were set up in Jerusalem and stood over the sacrifices of their brethren and would pray that it would be accepted with favor. And during the time of the Divine Service, representatives from all Israel would stand there, for how could the sacrifice of a person be offered and he was not standing by it, as the Bible states (Numbers 28:2): “…Be punctilious in presenting to Me at stated times.” For the Israelite, it was a commandment that they should stand over the Kohanim at the time of Divine Worship.

אסורים לספר ולכבס – When they entered into their division, all the entire week, in order that they should cut their hair prior to that, therefore they would not enter their division while they look repulsive.

ובחמישי – in the midst of their division service [on the given Thursday]. מותרים – it is the manner of most people to get their hair cut on Thursday and not put off shaving/cutting their hair until Friday because of the pain-staking preparations.

אנשי משמר מותרים לשתות יין. לאו גבי תענית קאי, אלא איידי דאיירי בבני משמר מייתי לה הכא:

בלילות. שאין לחוש שמא תכבד העבודה על אנשי בית אב בלילה ויצטרכו אלו לבא לסייעם:

לא ביום ולא בלילה. לפי שהיו צריכין להעלות כל הלילה אברים ופדרים שפקעו מעל המזבח:

אנשי מעמד. הם ישראלים הקבועים בירושלים ועומדים על קרבן אחיהם ומתפללין שיהא מקובל ברצון. ועומדים שם בשעת העבודה שלוחים מכל ישראל, דהיאך קרבנו של אדם קרב והוא אינו עומד על גביו והכתוב אומר (במדבר כ״ח:ב׳) תשמרו להקריב לי במועדו, לישראל מצוה שיעמדו על הכהנים בשעת עבודה:

אסורים לספר ולכבס. משנכנסו למשמרתם, כל אותה שבת, כדי שיספרו קודם לכן ולא יכנסו למשמרתן כשהן מנוולים:

ובחמישי. שבתוך משמרתן מותרים שדרך [רוב] בני אדם לספר בחמישי ואין ממתינין לספר בע״ש מפני הטורח: