Mishnayos Sanhedrin Perek 10 Mishnah 4
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סנהדרין פרק י׳ משנה ד׳
The residents of an idolatrous city have no share in the World-to-Come, as it is stated: “Certain men, wicked persons, are gone out from your midst, and have subverted the inhabitants of their city, saying: Let us go and let us worship other gods” (Deuteronomy 13:14). And idol worshippers are not executed as residents of an idolatrous city unless its subverters are from that city and from that tribe, and unless most of the inhabitants of the city are subverted, and unless men subvert the inhabitants of the city. If it occurs that women or children subvert the inhabitants of the city, or that a minority of the inhabitants of the city were subverted, or that its subverters were from outside the city and were neither residents of that city nor members of that tribe, these idol worshippers are judged as individuals. And to judge the inhabitants of a city one requires two witnesses and forewarning for each and every one who engaged in idol worship. This is a stringency with regard to individuals who worship idols that is more stringent than the halakha with regard to multitudes who worship idols: As the individuals who worship idols are executed by stoning; therefore, since there is a stringency with regard to their mode of execution, their property is spared and is inherited by their heirs. And the multitudes are executed by the sword; therefore, since there is a leniency with regard to their mode of execution, their property is eliminated.
אַנְשֵׁי עִיר הַנִּדַּחַת אֵין לָהֶן חֵלֶק לָעוֹלָם הַבָּא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שם יג) יָצְאוּ אֲנָשִׁים בְּנֵי בְלִיַּעַל מִקִּרְבֶּךָ וַיַּדִּיחוּ אֶת ישְׁבֵי עִירָם. וְאֵינָן נֶהֱרָגִים עַד שֶׁיִּהְיוּ מַדִּיחֶיהָ מֵאוֹתָהּ הָעִיר וּמֵאוֹתוֹ הַשֵּׁבֶט, וְעַד שֶׁיֻּדַּח רֻבָּהּ, וְעַד שֶׁיַּדִּיחוּם אֲנָשִׁים. הִדִּיחוּהָ נָשִׁים וּקְטַנִּים אוֹ שֶׁהֻדַּח מִעוּטָהּ אוֹ שֶׁהָיוּ מַדִּיחֶיהָ חוּצָה לָהּ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כִיחִידִים. וּצְרִיכִין שְׁנֵי עֵדִים וְהַתְרָאָה לְכָל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד. זֶה חֹמֶר בַּיְּחִידִים מִבַּמְּרֻבִּים, שֶׁהַיְּחִידִים בִּסְקִילָה, לְפִיכָךְ מָמוֹנָם פָּלֵט. וְהַמְּרֻבִּים בְּסַיִף, לְפִיכָךְ מָמוֹנָם אָבֵד:
Bartenura
יצאו אנשים בני בליעל. בנים שאינם עולים בתחיית המתים, ונדחין כמדיחין:
עד שיהיו מדיחיה מאותה העיר. דכתיב וידיחו את יושבי עירם, ולא יושבי עיר אחרת:
ומאותו השבט. דכתיב מקרבך, מקרב השבט עצמו:
ועד שיודח רובה. של עיר. דכתיב יושבי עירם, דמשמע ישובה של עיר דהיינו רובה:
הרי אלו כיחידים. שעבדו עבודה זרה. וידונו בסקילה וממונן פלט:
וצריכים. אנשי עיר הנדחת:
שני עדים והתראה לכל אחד ואחד. שהיו מרבים להם בתי דינין, וכל מי שנמצא שעבד עבודה זרה בעדים והתראה מפרישים אותן עד שיראו אם הם רובה של עיר מביאין אותן לבית דין הגדול וגומרין דינן שם והורגים אותם בסייף וממונן אבד. ואם לא נמצאו רובה של עיר, דנין אותן בסקילה וממונן פלט:
יצאו אנשים בני בליעל – children that do not rise up at the [time of the] Resurrection of the Dead. And those who are led astray are like those who lead astray.
עד שיהיו מדיחים מאותה העיר – as it is written (Deuteronomy 13:14): “…and subverted the inhabitants of their town…,” but not the inhabitants of another town.
ומאותו השבט – as it is written (Deuteronomy 13:14): “[that some scoundrels] from among you…” from the midst of that tribe itself.
ועד שיודח רובה – of the city, as it is written (Deuteronomy 13:14): “of their town” – which implies the settlement of that city, which means the majority.
הרי אלו כיחידים – as individuals who served idolatry and are judged with stoning and their property is spared.
וצריכים – the men of the Apostate City.
שני עדים והתראה לכל אחד ואחד – for they had increased the number of courts, and every person who was found to have worshipped idolatry with witnesses and warning, we separate them until they see if they are a majority of the city, we would bring them to the Great Jewish Court and complete their judgment there and kill them with the sword and their property would be lost. But if they did not find the majority of [the residents of] the city, we would judge them with stoning and their property would be spared.