Mishnah.org Logo
Perek 9

Mishnayos Pesachim Perek 9 Mishnah 1

פסחים פרק ט׳ משנה א׳

1
One who was ritually impure or on a distant journey and did not observe the first Pesaḥ by participating in the offering of the Paschal lamb on the fourteenth of Nisan should observe the second Pesaḥ by participating in the offering on the fourteenth of Iyyar. If one unwittingly forgot or was prevented due to circumstances beyond his control and did not observe the first Pesaḥ, he too should observe the second Pesaḥ. If so, that the second Pesaḥ is observed even by someone who forgot or was prevented from observing the first Pesaḥ, why is it stated in the Torah that the second Pesaḥ is observed only by one who was ritually impure or on a distant journey? These cases were specified in order to teach that these two groups of people are exempt from karet if they do not observe the second Pesaḥ, but those who were not ritually impure or on a distant journey are liable to receive karet, as the Gemara will explain.

מִי שֶׁהָיָה טָמֵא אוֹ בְדֶרֶךְ רְחוֹקָה וְלֹא עָשָׂה אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹן, יַעֲשֶׂה אֶת הַשֵּׁנִי. שָׁגַג אוֹ נֶאֱנַס וְלֹא עָשָׂה אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹן, יַעֲשֶׂה אֶת הַשֵּׁנִי. אִם כֵּן, לָמָּה נֶאֱמַר טָמֵא אוֹ שֶׁהָיָה בְדֶרֶךְ רְחוֹקָה, שֶׁאֵלּוּ פְּטוּרִין מֵהִכָּרֵת, וְאֵלּוּ חַיָּבִין בְּהִכָּרֵת:

א׳

מי שהיה טמא. שאלו פטורין מן הכרת – the ritually impure or someone who was on a far-off journey, Scripture had exempted from making the First Passover [offering], and the principle of extirpation is concerning the first Passover. Therefore, if they didn’t make the Second Passover [offering], they are exempt from extirpation.

ואלו חייבין בהכרת – One who inadvertently errs and doesn’t make [the Passover offering] or had been prevented by an unavoidable accident from making [the offering], they were obligated in the First Passover [offering] but that inadvertent error and the accident prevents them [from doing so], but if they willfully did not offer the Second Passover offering, they are liable to extirpation, as it is written (Numbers 9:13): “But if a man who is clean and not on a journey refrains from offering the Passover sacrifice, that person shall be cut off from his kin, [for he did not present the LORD’s offering at its set time; that man shall bear his guilt],” which implies that for all the rest of the inadvertent errs and unavoidable accidents that occurred with the First [Passover offering] except for becoming defiled and being on a far-off journey are liable for extirpation if they did not make the Second Passover [offering].

מי שהיה טמא. שאלו פטורין מן הכרת. הטמא או שהיה בדרך רחוקה פטרן הכתוב מלעשות פסח ראשון, ועיקר כרת בפסח ראשון הוא, לפיכך אם לא עשו פסח שני פטורים מן הכרת:

ואלו חייבין בהכרת. השוגג או האנוס חייבין היו בפסח ראשון אלא שהשגגה והאונס עכבתן, וכשהזידו ולא עשו פסח שני חייבין בהכרת, כדכתיב (במדבר ט׳:י״ג) והאיש אשר הוא טהור ובדרך לא היה וחדל לעשות הפסח ונכרתה, משמע דעל כל שאר שגגות ואונסין שאירעו בראשון חוץ מטמא ודרך רחוקה חייבין כרת אם לא עשו פסח שני: