Mishnayos Pesachim Perek 5 Mishnah 4
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פסחים פרק ה׳ משנה ד׳
One who slaughters the Paschal lamb with leavened bread still in his possession violates a negative commandment, as the Torah states: “You shall not offer the blood of My sacrifice with leavened bread; neither shall the sacrifice of the festival of Passover be left until the morning” (Exodus 34:25). Rabbi Yehuda says: Even one who slaughters the daily afternoon offering on Passover eve with leaven in his possession violates the commandment. Rabbi Shimon says: One who slaughters the Paschal lamb on the fourteenth of Nisan for its own purpose with leaven in his possession is liable; but if he slaughtered it for a different purpose he is exempt. And for all other offerings that one slaughters on Passover eve, when owning leaven is prohibited, whether he slaughtered them for their own purpose or he slaughtered them for a different purpose, he is exempt. And during the festival of Passover, if one slaughtered the Paschal lamb for its own purpose he is exempt. Since a Paschal lamb that is slaughtered for its own purpose at an improper time is disqualified, it is not an offering at all and there is no violation of the commandment: “You shall not offer the blood of My sacrifice with leavened bread.” However, if he slaughtered it for a different purpose and thereby validated the sacrifice as a peace-offering, he is liable for having sacrificed it with leaven in his possession. And for all other offerings that one slaughters on Passover, when it is prohibited to slaughter with leaven in one’s possession, whether he slaughtered them for their own purpose or he slaughtered them for a different purpose, he is liable. This is with the exception of a sin-offering that he slaughtered for a different purpose with leaven in his possession. Unlike other offerings, a sin-offering is disqualified if it is slaughtered for a different purpose, and therefore one does not violate the prohibition of “You shall not offer the blood of My sacrifice with leavened bread.”
הַשּׁוֹחֵט אֶת הַפֶּסַח עַל הֶחָמֵץ, עוֹבֵר בְּלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף הַתָּמִיד. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, הַפֶּסַח בְּאַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר, לִשְׁמוֹ חַיָּב, וְשֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמוֹ פָּטוּר. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַזְּבָחִים, בֵּין לִשְׁמָן וּבֵין שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָן, פָּטוּר. וּבַמּוֹעֵד, לִשְׁמוֹ פָּטוּר, וְשֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמוֹ חַיָּב, וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַזְּבָחִים, בֵּין לִשְׁמָן וּבֵין שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָן, חַיָּב, חוּץ מִן הַחַטָּאת שֶׁשְּׁחָטָהּ שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָהּ:
Bartenura
השוחט את הפסח על החמץ. כלומר ובשעת שחיטה היה חמץ ברשות השוחט או אחד מבני חבורה, אפילו לא היה החמץ בעזרה:
עובר בלא תעשה. דלא תשחט על חמץ דם זבחי (שמות לד). ואין הזבח נפסל:
אף התמיד. של בין הערבים דערבי פסחים ששחטו על חמץ, שהיה חמץ ברשות השוחט או המקריב, עובר בלאו, דדריש זבחי, המיוחד לי, והוא התמיד. ואין הלכה כרבי יהודה:
רבי שמעון אומר הפסח בארבעה עשר. ששחטו על חמץ, לשמו חייב, משום לא תשחט על חמץ, דפסח כשר הוא ושחיטה ראוייה היא ושמה שחיטה:
שלא לשמו פטור. דפסול הוא ושחיטה שאינה ראויה היא ולאו שמה שחיטה:
ושאר כל הזבחים. שנשחטו בי״ד אחר חצות על החמץ:
בין לשמן בין שלא לשמן פטור. ואע״פ שכשרים הן כדתנן כל הזבחים שנזבחו שלא לשמן כשרים וכו׳, אע״פ כן פטור, דכתיב זבחי זבחי שני פעמים, לא תשחט על חמץ דם זבחי ולא תזבח על חמץ דם זבחי (שם כג), ולמאי הלכתא פלגינהו רחמנא ולא כתב זבחיי בחד קרא והכל במשמע בין פסח בין שאר זבחים, לומר לך בזמן דאיכא זבח דהיינו בי״ד דאיכא פסח לא מחייב אשאר זבחים, ובזמן דליכא זבח כגון בתוך הפסח מחייב אשאר זבחים אם שחטן על חמץ:
ובמועד. בתוך הפסח, אם לשמו שחטו לפסח על החמץ:
פטור. מלא תשחט, דפסח שלא בזמנו לשמו פסול, והויא לה שחיטה שאינה ראויה:
שלא לשמו. אלא לשם שלמים:
חייב. דלהכי קאי והויא לה שחיטה ראויה, וחייב משום לא תשחט, בהדי לאו דלא יראה ולא ימצא:
ושאר כל הזבחים. שנזבחו בתוך המועד על חמץ:
בין לשמן בין שלא לשמן חייב. דקרא אשאר זבחים נמי אזהר:
חוץ מן החטאת ששחטה שלא לשמה. דפסולה היא משום דכתיב בשחיטתה חטאת היא, היא ולא הנשחטה שלא לשמה:
השוחט את הפסח על החמץ – that is to say, at the time of the slaughtering [of the Passover offering], there was leaven in the domain of the slaughterer or one of the members of his group, even if there was no Hametz in the courtyard [of the Temple]
He violates a negative commandment - of (Exodus 34:25): “You shall not offer the blood of My sacrifice with anything leavened,” and the sacrifice itself is not made invalid.
אף תמיד – of the twilight on the Eve of Passover that was slaughtered with leaven that for there was leaven in the domain of the slaughterer or the person offering the sacrifice violates a negative commandment, for he expounds upon the word, “[the blood of] My sacrifice” (Exodus 34:26) that is special to me, and that is the whole daily-offering , but the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.
ר' שמעון אומר הפסח בי"ד – that he slaughtered it with leaven for its sake, he is liable because of “You shall not offer the blood of My sacrifice with anything leavened,” (Exodus 34:25) for the Passover Sacrifice is valid/fit and the slaughtering is appropriate and it is for the purpose of slaughtering.
שלא לשמו פטור – that it is invalid and it is a slaughtering that is not worthy and not for the sake of slaughtering.
ושאר כל הזבחים – that were slaughtered on the fourteen [of Nisan] after noon with leaven.
בין לשמן בין שלא לשמן פטור – for even though they are fit, as it is taught in the Mishnah (Tractate Zevakhim, Chapter 1, Mishnah 1 AND Tractate Yadayim, Chapter 4, Mishnah 2): “All the animal offerings that were slaughtered not for their own name are valid, etc.” nevertheless, they are exempt, as it is written: (Exodus 34:25): “My sacrifice,” “My sacrifice” twice: “You shall not offer the blood of My sacrifice [with anything leavened].” (Exodus 24:25) and (Exodus 23:18): ‘You shall not offer the blood of My sacrifice with anything leavened.” And what Halakha did the All-Merciful separate them and not write “My sacrifice” in one verse? And everything is implied, whether regarding the Passover offering or regarding all the rest of the animal sacrifices, to tell you that at the time when there is an animal sacrifice that is, on the fourteenth [of Nisan] when there is the Passover offering, he is not liable for the rest of the animal sacrifices, and at the time when there isn’t an animal sacrifice, such as during the Passover, he is liable for the other animal sacrifices if they were slaughtered with leaven.
ובמועד – during the Passover holiday, if it was for the sake/in its name that it was slaughtered for the Passover offering with leaven,
it is exempt from “You shall not offer [the blood of My sacrifice with anything leavened]” (Exodus 34:25), for a Passover offering that was not at its appropriate time, for its sake, is invalid, and it is a slaughtering that is not appropriate.
שלא לשמו – but for the sake of peace-offerings,
one is liable, for this is what it refers to that it should be the appropriate slaughtering, and he is liable because of “You shall not offer,” with the negative commandment of (Exodus 13:7), “no leaven shall be seen with you” and (Exodus 12:19): “no leaven shall be found in your houses for seven days.”
ושאר כל הזבחים – that were slaughtered during the Festival [of Passover] with leaven.
בין לשמן בין שלא לשמן חייב – for the Biblical verse on the rest of the offerings is also a warning.
חוץ מן החטאת ששחטה שלא לשמה – and it is invalid because it is written regarding the slaughtering of a sin-offering, it and not what was slaughtered not for its own sake.