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Mishnayos Pesachim Perek 4 Mishnah 1

פסחים פרק ד׳ משנה א׳

1

In a place where the people were accustomed to perform labor on Passover eve until midday, one may do so on that day. In a place where the people were accustomed not to perform labor, one may not do so. The performance of labor on the eve of Passover is not prohibited by Torah law, but is dependent on local custom. If one travels from a place where people perform labor on Passover eve to a place where people do not perform labor, or from a place where people do not perform labor on Passover eve to a place where people perform labor, the Sages impose upon him the stringencies of both the place from which he left and the stringencies of the place to which he went. In both cases, he may not perform labor. The Sages stated a principle: And a person may not deviate from the local custom, due to potential dispute.

מָקוֹם שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ לַעֲשׂוֹת מְלָאכָה בְּעַרְבֵי פְסָחִים עַד חֲצוֹת, עוֹשִׂין. מָקוֹם שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ שֶׁלֹּא לַעֲשׂוֹת, אֵין עוֹשִׂין. הַהוֹלֵךְ מִמָּקוֹם שֶׁעוֹשִׂין לְמָקוֹם שֶׁאֵין עוֹשִׂין, אוֹ מִמָּקוֹם שֶׁאֵין עוֹשִׂין לְמָקוֹם שֶׁעוֹשִׂין, נוֹתְנִין עָלָיו חֻמְרֵי מָקוֹם שֶׁיָּצָא מִשָּׁם וְחֻמְרֵי מָקוֹם שֶׁהָלַךְ לְשָׁם. וְאַל יְשַׁנֶּה אָדָם, מִפְּנֵי הַמַּחֲלֹקֶת:

א׳
Bartenura

מקום שנהגו עד חצות – until half the day.

שלא לעשות – in order that he not be busily engaged by his work and he would forget the [obligation of] ridding of the leavened products and the sacrifice of the Passover offering and the preparation of the Matzah for the Mitzvah [of the Seder].

אל שינה אדם – this is how it should be understood: A person who walks from a place where they don’t do [work] to a place where the do [work], they should place upon him the stringencies of the place where he left from there and not do it (i.e., work), and that is what we hold: A person should not vary from the local custom of the city, it is not because of disputes for here there is no dispute. For what that you said: A person sees him idle would say that this one who is idle is because work is forbidden and that he disputes against all of us; he did not say this, but rather he said: he has no work for how many idle individuals are there in the marketplace all the days of the year. And that which we teach [in this Mishnah] that we lay upon him the strict rules followed in the place from which he has gone forth, is not [in effect] other than when it at the time when it is his intention to return to his place; but if he does not have the intention to return to his place, he practices according to the custom of the people of the place where he went to , whether for leniencies or for stringencies.

מקום שנהגו עד חצות. עד חצי היום:

שלא לעשות. כדי שלא יהא טרוד במלאכה וישכח ביעור חמץ ושחיטת פסח ותיקון מצה של מצוה:

ואל ישנה אדם. הכי קאמר, ההולך ממקום שאין עושין למקום שעושין נותנין עליו חומרי מקום שיצא משם ולא יעשה, דהא דקיי״ל אל ישנה אדם ממנהג העיר אינו אלא מפני המחלוקת וכאן אין מחלוקת, דמאי קא אמרת הרואה אותו בטל אומר זה שבטל חושב שהמלאכה אסורה וחולק על כולנו, לא אמר הכי, אלא אמר אין לו מלאכה שהרי כמה בטלנים איכא בשוקא כל ימות השנה. והא דתנן נותנים עליו חומרי מקום שיצא משם, אינו אלא בזמן שדעתו לחזור למקומו, אבל אין דעתו לחזור למקומו נוהג כמנהג אנשי מקום שהלך לשם, בין לקולא בין לחומרא: