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Perek 4

Mishnayos Nedarim Perek 4 Mishnah 4

נדרים פרק ד׳ משנה ד׳

4
In the case of one for whom benefit from another is forbidden by vow and he enters his house to visit him, he stands there but does not sit. And that other person heals him with a cure of the nefesh but not a cure of mamon. And with regard to another person who is prohibited from deriving benefit from him, one may bathe with him in a large bath [ambati], in which his presence does not affect the other person. However, he may not bathe with him in a small bath, as his presence moderates the temperature of water if it is too hot or too cold, thereby benefiting the other person. And he may sleep with him in one bed. Rabbi Yehuda says: That is permitted during the days of summer, but he may not sleep with him in one bed during the rainy season, i.e., the winter, because he benefits him by warming the bed. And he may recline with him on a divan even during the rainy season, as no benefit is involved. And he may eat with him at the same table, but not from a common platter from which several people eat, as if one leaves food on the platter, the other derives benefit from him. However, he may eat with him from a platter that returns to the host, as everyone takes a small portion and leaves food on the platter. No benefit is derived. Since there is enough food for everyone, none of the diners receives part of another’s portion. One may neither eat with him from the large vessel of food placed before the laborers, nor may he work with him in the same row in a vineyard; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: He may work in the same row with him provided that he is at a distance from him. If he is close, the other would derive forbidden benefit from him.

הַמֻּדָּר הֲנָאָה מֵחֲבֵרוֹ וְנִכְנַס לְבַקְּרוֹ, עוֹמֵד, אֲבָל לֹא יוֹשֵׁב. וּמְרַפְּאֵהוּ רְפוּאַת נֶפֶשׁ, אֲבָל לֹא רְפוּאַת מָמוֹן. וְרוֹחֵץ עִמּוֹ בְאַמְבַּטִיָא גְדוֹלָה, אֲבָל לֹא בִקְטַנָּה. וְיָשֵׁן עִמּוֹ בְמִטָּה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בִּימוֹת הַחַמָּה, אֲבָל לֹא בִימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מְהַנֵּהוּ. וּמֵסֵב עִמּוֹ עַל הַמִּטָּה, וְאוֹכֵל עִמּוֹ עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן, אֲבָל לֹא מִן הַתַּמְחוּי, אֲבָל אוֹכֵל הוּא עִמּוֹ מִן הַתַּמְחוּי הַחוֹזֵר. לֹא יֹאכַל עִמּוֹ מִן הָאֵבוּס שֶׁלִּפְנֵי הַפּוֹעֲלִים, וְלֹא יַעֲשֶׂה עִמּוֹ בְאֻמָּן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, עוֹשֶׂה הוּא בְרִחוּק מִמֶּנּוּ:

ד׳

עומד אבל לא יושב – our Mishnah deals with when those who visit [the sick] enter who are forbidden [by vow] to the sick. But in a place where they take payment on sitting with the infirm person, for if he sits with him and doesn’t take his customary payment, he causes him benefit. But standing, it is a short time and it is not customary to take payment for this.

רפואת הנפש – the healing of his body.

רפואת ממונן – the healing of his cattle/beast. For it is obligatory for a person to heal his fellow when he takes ill, as it states (Deuteronomy 22:2): “then you shall give it back to him,” to include he loss of his body, and he is doing a Mitzvah, therefore, even though he made a vow not to allow him to derive any benefit from him, he heals him with his hands when he becomes sick in his body. But if his beast/cattle became ill, he is not able to heal it with his hands because he provides benefit, but says to him: “this drug/medication is fine for it (i.e., the animal), [or] that drug/medication is bad/harmful for it (i.e., the animal).

אבל לא בקטנה – because he provides benefit t him when he raises the water over him.

אבל לא בימות הגשמים – because he warms it (i.e., through his body) And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yehuda.

אבל לא מן המחוי – he doesn’t eat with him in one utensil, lest he leave over from eating a nice portion that is within in order that this one who took a vow against deriving benefit from him will eat, or lest a piece that he eat draws close in front of him and it is found that he benefitting him.

אבל אוכל הוא מן התמחוי החוזר – the owner of the house. Reuven eats in a bowl that he knows that when he will return it to the owner of the house, the house owner will go back and send it to Shimon who is under a vow against benefit from him, and we don’t suspect lest he (i.e., the owner of the house) in order that Shimon will eat from it and it is found that he is benefitting him.

האבוס שלפני הפועלים – a large utensil that we fill it and all of the workers will eat from it together.

לא יקצור עמו באומן – he should not trim with in in the same row that he trims. For this causes him that he will hurry to do his work that when he finds the place free, and it is found tha the benefits him. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Meir.

עומד אבל לא יושב. מתניתין איירי כשנכסי המבקר אסורים על החולה, ובמקום שנוטלין שכר על הישיבה עם החולה, שאם יושב עמו ואינו נוטל שכרו הנהוג הרי מהנהו. אבל עמידה, זמן מועט הוא ואין רגילין ליטול עליה שכר:

רפואת הנפש. רפואת גופו:

רפואת ממון. רפואת בהמתו. לפי שחייב אדם לרפאות את חבירו כשחלה, שנאמר (דברים כ״ב) והשבותו לו, לרבות אבדת גופו, ומצוה קעביד, לפיכך אע״פ שהדירו הנאה ממנו מרפאו בידיו כשחלה בגופו. ואם חלתה בהמתו אינו יכול לרפאה בידים מפני שמהנהו, אבל אומר לו סם פלוני יפה לה, סם פלוני רע לה:

אבל לא בקטנה. מפני שמהנהו כשמגביה עליו את המים:

אבל לא בימות הגשמים. מפני שמחממו. והלכה כר׳ יהודה:

אבל לא מן התמחוי. לא יאכל עמו בכלי אחד, שמא יניח מלאכול מנה יפה שבו כדי שיאכל זה המודר הנאה ממנו, או שמא יקרב לפניו חתיכה שיאכל ונמצא מהנהו:

אבל אוכל הוא [עמו] מן התמחוי החוזר. לבעל הבית. ראובן אוכל בקערה שיודע שכשיחזירנה לבעל הבית יחזור בעל הבית וישלחנה לשמעון שמודר הנאה ממנו, ולא חיישינן שמא ישייר בקערה כדי שיאכל ממנה שמעון ונמצא מהנהו:

האבוס שלפני הפועלים. כלי גדול שממלאים אותו ואוכלים בו כל הפועלים ביחד:

לא יעשה עמו באומן. לא יקצור עמו באותה שורה שהוא קוצר. שגורם לו שממהר לעשות מלאכתו כשמוצא המקום פנוי ונמצא מהנהו. ואין הלכה כר״מ: