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Mishnayos Nedarim Perek 4 Mishnah 3

נדרים פרק ד׳ משנה ג׳

3

The mishna proceeds to list other tasks that one may perform for someone who is prohibited by vow from benefiting from him. And he separates his teruma and his tithes, provided that it is with the knowledge and consent of the owner of the produce. And he sacrifices for him the bird nests, i.e., pairs of birds, pigeons and turtledoves, of zavin (see Leviticus 15:13–15); the bird nests of zavot (see Leviticus 15:28–30); the bird nests of women after childbirth (see Leviticus 12:6–8); sin-offerings; and guilt-offerings. And he teaches him midrash, halakhot, and aggadot, but he may not teach him Bible. However, he may teach his sons and daughters Bible. And with regard to one for whom benefit from another is forbidden by vow, that other person may feed his wife and children, although the one who is bound by the vow is obligated in their support and benefits when another supports them. And he may not feed his animal, whether it is a kosher animal or whether it is a non-kosher animal. Rabbi Eliezer says: He may feed the non-kosher animal, and he may not feed the kosher animal. The Rabbis said to him: What is the difference between kosher and non-kosher animals in this respect? Rabbi Eliezer said to them: The kosher animal’s being belongs to Heaven, and the animal’s body is the property of its owner, as he can eat it. Therefore, the owner benefits directly when another feeds his animal. And a non-kosher animal, both its being and its body belong to Heaven, as it is prohibited for its owner to eat its meat. The Rabbis said to him: The non-kosher animal too, its being belongs to Heaven, and its body is the property of its owner, because if the owner chooses, he sells it to gentiles or feeds it to dogs.

וְתוֹרֵם אֶת תְּרוּמָתוֹ וּמַעַשְׂרוֹתָיו לְדַעְתּוֹ. וּמַקְרִיב עָלָיו קִנֵּי זָבִין, קִנֵּי זָבוֹת, קִנֵּי יוֹלְדוֹת, חַטָּאוֹת וַאֲשָׁמוֹת, וּמְלַמְּדוֹ מִדְרָשׁ, הֲלָכוֹת וְאַגָּדוֹת, אֲבָל לֹא יְלַמְּדֶנּוּ מִקְרָא. אֲבָל מְלַמֵּד הוּא אֶת בָּנָיו וְאֶת בְּנוֹתָיו מִקְרָא, וְזָן אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ וְאֶת בָּנָיו אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא חַיָּב בִּמְזוֹנוֹתֵיהֶם. וְלֹא יָזוּן אֶת בְּהֶמְתּוֹ, בֵּין טְמֵאָה בֵּין טְהוֹרָה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, זָן אֶת הַטְּמֵאָה, וְאֵינוֹ זָן אֶת הַטְּהוֹרָה. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מַה בֵּין טְמֵאָה לִטְהוֹרָה. אָמַר לָהֶן, שֶׁהַטְּהוֹרָה נַפְשָׁהּ לַשָּׁמַיִם וְגוּפָהּ שֶׁלּוֹ, וּטְמֵאָה נַפְשָׁהּ וְגוּפָהּ לַשָּׁמָיִם. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אַף הַטְּמֵאָה נַפְשָׁהּ לַשָּׁמַיִם וְגוּפָהּ שֶׁלּוֹ, שֶׁאִם יִרְצֶה, הֲרֵי הוּא מוֹכְרָהּ לְגוֹיִם אוֹ מַאֲכִילָהּ לִכְלָבִים:

ג׳
Bartenura

ותורם תרומתו ומעשרותיו לדעתו – as, for example, that he said, all who wish to make a heave-offering should come and make the heave-offering/Terumah. But he should not tell him to make the heave-offering, for behold that makes him an agent and it is a benefit to him that he performs his agency.

ומקריב לו קיני זבין וזבות – a Kohen who made a vow with an Israelite to not derive benefit from him, he can offer his sacrifices that he brings for a male with an emission and/or a female with an emission and/or [bird-offerings] for women who have given birth.

ומלמדו מדרש – Sifra (i.e., the legal Midrash to Leviticus) and Sifrei (i.e., the legal Midrash to Numbers and/or Deuteronomy) , which is the Midrash of the the verses.

הלכות – a usage dating from Moses as delivered from Sinai (i.e., a traditional law or a traditional interpretation of a written law).

אגדות – words of the Sages that were supported through Biblical passages. And the reason that it was permitted to teach him all of these things, is that a person is not permitted to take a salary in order to teach his fellow all these things, and there is no benefit here, for he is performing a Mitzvah.

אבל לא ילמדנו מקרא – for he is permitted to take a salary for the study of Bible for it is not other than the payment for the incisions in the Bible vers according to sense to play the Biblical verses in their appropriate manner, and it is not according to the Torah, and it is permitted to take payment for this for if he does not take payment, he ends up providing benefit for him, and if he takes [payment] it is found that he benefits. And specifically in a place where it is the practice to take payment for the Scripture, but in a place where they don’t take payment for Scripture, even Scripture is permitted to teach him.

אבל מלמד הוא את בניו – for even though it is a Mitzvah upon the father to teach his son, and this fulfills his obligation to do so, it is not called benefit, for the Mitzvot/commandments were not given to benefit from them. But it is also possible that he would find someone else who will teach him (i.e., his son) for free.

לא יזון את בהמתו – for it is satisfactory to him (i.e., the animal) with spices and this benefits him.

טמאה נפשה וגופה לשמים – that for work it exists and he doesn’t worry about the corpse.

שאם ירצה מוכרה לעכו"ם – for eating and he takes the excess monies for its corpse.

ותורם תרומתו ומעשרותיו לדעתו. כגון שאמר כל הרוצה לתרום יבא ויתרום. אבל לא יאמר לו לתרום, שהרי עושהו שליח והנאה היא לו שעושה שליחותו:

ומקריב לו קיני זבין וזבות. כהן שהדיר את ישראל הנאה ממנו, יכול להקריב קרבנותיו שמביא על זב וזבה ויולדת:

ומלמדו מדרש. ספרא וספרי, שהוא מדרש הפסוקים:

הלכות. הלכה למשה מסיני:

אגדות. דברי חכמים שהסמיכום על הפסוקים. וטעמא דשרי ללמדו כל הני, שאין אדם רשאי ליקח שכר כדי ללמד את חבירו את כל אלה, ואין כאן הנאה, דמצוה קעביד:

אבל לא ילמדנו מקרא. שמותר ליטול שכר על למוד המקרא, שאינו נוטל אלא שכר פיסוק טעמים לנגן המקראות כהלכתן, ולאו דאורייתא הוא ושרי ליטול שכר עליו, ואם אינו נוטל נמצא מהנהו, ואם נוטל נמצא נהנה. ודוקא במקום שנהגו ליטול שכר על המקרא, אבל במקום שאין נוטלין שכר על המקרא אף המקרא שרי ללמדו:

אבל מלמד הוא את בניו. ואע״ג דמצוה על האב ללמד את בנו וזה מוציאו מידי חובתו, לא מקריא הנאה, דמצות לאו ליהנות נתנו. וגם אפשר שהיה מוצא אחר שהיה מלמדו חנם:

ולא יזון את בהמתו. דניחא ליה בפיטומה וקא מהני ליה:

טמאה נפשה וגופה לשמים. דלמלאכה קיימא ואינו חושש על פיטומה:

שאם ירצה מוכרה לעכו״ם. לאכילה ונוטל דמים יתירים בשביל פיטומה: