Mishnayos Nedarim Perek 11 Mishnah 10
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נדרים פרק י"א משנה י׳
There are nine young women whose vows are upheld and cannot be nullified: If she took a vow when she was a grown woman and she is an orphan; if she took a vow when she was a young woman, and has reached her majority, and she is an orphan; if she took a vow when she was a young woman who had not yet reached her majority, and she is an orphan; if she took a vow when she was a grown woman and her father died; if she took a vow when she was a young woman, and she became a grown woman, and her father died; if she took a vow when she was a young woman who had not reached her majority, and her father died; if she took a vow when she was a young woman, and her father died, and after her father died she reached her majority; if she took a vow when she was a grown woman and her father is still alive; and if she took a vow when she was a young woman, and she became a grown woman, and her father is still alive. Rabbi Yehuda says: With regard to even one who married off his minor daughter, and she was widowed or divorced and she returned to him, and according to her age she still is in the category of a young woman, her vows cannot be nullified.
תֵּשַׁע נְעָרוֹת, נִדְרֵיהֶן קַיָּמִין. בּוֹגֶרֶת וְהִיא יְתוֹמָה, נַעֲרָה וּבָגְרָה וְהִיא יְתוֹמָה, נַעֲרָה שֶׁלֹּא בָגְרָה וְהִיא יְתוֹמָה, בּוֹגֶרֶת וּמֵת אָבִיהָ, נַעֲרָה בוֹגֶרֶת וּמֵת אָבִיהָ, נַעֲרָה שֶׁלֹּא בָגְרָה וּמֵת אָבִיהָ, נַעֲרָה שֶׁמֵּת אָבִיהָ וּמִשֶּׁמֵּת אָבִיהָ בָּגְרָה, בּוֹגֶרֶת וְאָבִיהָ קַיָּם, נַעֲרָה בוֹגֶרֶת וְאָבִיהָ קַיָּם. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף הַמַּשִּׂיא בִתּוֹ הַקְּטַנָּה, וְנִתְאַלְמְנָה אוֹ נִתְגָּרְשָׁה וְחָזְרָה אֶצְלוֹ, עֲדַיִן הִיא נַעֲרָה:
Bartenura
תשע נערות נדריהן קימים. נערות לאו דוקא:
בוגרת והיא יתומה. שנישאת ומת בעלה כשהיא נערה, והיא יתומה בחיי האב שאחר שנישאת אין לאביה רשות בה, ובגרה אח״כ ונדרה, נדרה קיים, שאין האב יכול להפר שהרי היא בוגרת, ועוד שהיא יתומה בחיי האב:
נערה ובגרה והיא יתומה. שנישאת ומת בעלה. שנדרה כשהיא נערה ובגרה לאחר מכאן והיא יתומה בחיי האב כדפרישנא:
נערה. בשעה שנדרה. שלא בגרה עדיין והיא יתומה בחיי האב. והנך תלתא, יתומה בחיי אב כיילא להו:
בוגרת ומת אביה. שבשעה שנדרה היתה בוגרת ומת אביה, דהיינו יתומה ממש:
נערה ובוגרת וכו׳ והנך תלתא נמי, מת אביה כייל להו:
נערה שמת אביה ומשמת אביה בגרה כו׳ הנך תלתא דקתני, בוגרת כיילא להו. ובגמרא אמרינן, דחכמים לא שנו אלא ג׳ נערות, בוגרת ויתומה ויתומה בחיי האב:
ר״י אומר כו׳ דכיון שנכנסה לחופה יצאתה מרשות אביה בהנהו נישואים:
תשע נערות נדריהן קימים – not specifically lasses/young women.
בוגרת והיא יתומה – who married and her husband died when she was a young woman/lass, and she is an orphan in her father’s lifetime for after she married, her father does not have domain over her, when she became an adult woman/reached maturity afterwards and made a vow, her vow is upheld, for the father is not able to absolve her vow when she is an adult woman/reached maturity, and furthermore, she is an orphan during her father’s lifetime.
נערה ובגרה והיא יתומה – that she married and her husband died. Hat she made a ow when she was a young woman and she reached maturity after this ,and she is an orphan in her father’s lifetime, as I explained.
נערה – [a young woman/lass] at the time that she made a vow. She didn’t reach maturity/become an adult woman as yet, and she is an orphan in the lifetime of her father. And these three: orphan girl during her father’s lifetime are measurements for them.
בוגרת ומת אביה – that at the hour/time that she vowed, she was an adult woman/reached maturity, and her father died, that is an actual orphan.
נערה ובוגרת וכו' – and these three also, her father’s passing is measured/generalized to them.
נערה שמת אביה ומשמת אביה בגרה כו' – these three [things] that they taught, her having reached maturity/become an adult woman is measured to them, But in the Gemara (Tractate Nedarim 89b) we stated, that the Sages did not teach any other than three young women: an adult woman/who reached maturity, an orphan, and an orphan during her father’s lifetime.
ור"י אומר כו' – that since she entered the marriage canopy, she left/departed from the domain of her father, through these marriages.