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Mishnayos Nedarim Perek 1 Mishnah 3

נדרים פרק א׳ משנה ג׳

3

If one says to another: That which I eat of yours shall be considered laḥullin, it is interpreted as though he said: La ḥullin, not non-sacred, and the food is thereby forbidden to him. Similarly, if he said that food shall be considered not valid or not dekhi, i.e., not ritually pure, or if he said the food shall be considered an offering that has become ritually impure, left over [notar], or piggul, i.e., an offering that was sacrificed with the intent to consume it after its appointed time, it is forbidden. If one says that food shall be considered like the lamb of the daily offering, like the animals designated as offerings and kept in special enclosures, like the wood of the altar, like the fires on the altar, like the altar, like the Sanctuary, or like Jerusalem, or if he took a vow with any of the accessories of the altar, although he did not explicitly mention that the food should be like an offering, it is considered a vow that associates a different item with an offering. Rabbi Yehuda says: One who says that an item shall be considered Jerusalem, instead of saying that it shall be considered like Jerusalem, has not said anything.

הָאוֹמֵר לֹא חֻלִּין לֹא אֹכַל לָךְ, לֹא כָשֵׁר, וְלֹא דְכֵי, טָהוֹר, וְטָמֵא, נוֹתָר, וּפִגּוּל, אָסוּר. כְּאִמְּרָא, כַּדִּירִין, כָּעֵצִים, כָּאִשִּׁים, כַּמִּזְבֵּחַ, כַּהֵיכָל, כִּירוּשָׁלָיִם, נָדַר בְּאֶחָד מִכָּל מְשַׁמְּשֵׁי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא הִזְכִּיר קָרְבָּן, הֲרֵי זֶה נָדַר בְּקָרְבָּן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הָאוֹמֵר יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, לֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם:

ג׳
Bartenura

לחולין שאוכל לך – The LAMED/ל has the vocalization of a PATACH, and it implies Something not unconsecrated will be what I will eat with you, but rather holy/sanctified.

לא כשר – it will be, but rather invalid. And these are Holy Things that are connected with things that are fit/appropriate and invalid/inappropriate.

לא דכי – not permitted, like a pure species of locust (see Tractate Eduyot, Chapter 8, Mishnah 4), in Tractate Avodah Zarah [37a – which is kosher, according to Rashi] and even though that the language of permitted and forbidden belongs also regarding a carrion that died of itself and an animal torn by a wild beast, but we hold that we don’t cause to take hold of it other than with something that is vowed or made as a free-will offering, for since there is an implication in “permitted” also in Holy Things, therefore it is taught in the Mishnah (Tractate Nedarim, Chapter 2, Mishnah 4): “Vows that are not spelled out are subject to a more stringent ruling,” for since it is his intention to cause to take hold of a vow, we state regarding a thing that is vowed he intended.

טהור – if he stated: “it is not pure what I eat of yours.”

טמא נותר פיגול – if he said: “it is impure what I eat of yours,” and similarly for all of them. It is forbidden, that all of these things that are engaged with the Holy Things.

כאימרא – like the lamb/young sheep of a Sacrifice.

כדירים – like the chamber of wood or like the chamber of lambs.

כעצים – like the pieces of wood of the pile of wood on he altar in the Temple.

כאישים – like the sacrifices that are upon the fire.

כמזבח – like the sacrifices that are upon the altar.

כהיכל – like the sacrifices that are in the hall of the golden altar.

כירושלים – like the sacrifices that are in Jerusalem. Another explanation: like the walls of Jeruslaem, for he holds that the walls of Jerusalem from the remnants of the chamber they have come.

באחד מכל משמשי המזבח (by one of the utensils used for the altar) – as, for example, the forks, bowls (out of which the sprinkling is done), coal-pans. If he said, “like the forks that I eat of yours,” or “like the bowls that I eat of yours,” and similarly for all of them, even though he didn’t mention [specifically], “sacrifice,” behold this is like making a vow for a sacrifice.

רבי יהודה אומר האומר ירושלים – without the “KAF/כ ,” he did not say anything. But the first Tanna/teacher disputes him. And the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.

לחולין שאוכל לך. הלמ״ד נקודה פתח, ומשמע לא חולין יהיה מה שאוכל לך אלא קודש:

לא כשר. יהיה, אלא פסול. והיינו קדשים דשייך בהו כשרות ופסלות:

ולא דכי. לא מותר. כמו אייל קמצא דכן, בע״ז [דף ל״ז]. ואע״ג דלשון מותר ואסור שייך נמי גבי נבילה וטרפה ואנן קיי״ל שאין מתפיסין אלא בדבר הנידר והנידב, הואיל ויש במשמעות מותר גם בקדשים, הא תנן סתם נדרים להחמיר, דכיון דדעתו להתפיסו בנדר אמרינן על דבר הנידר נתכוין:

טהור. אם אמר לא טהור מה שאוכל לך:

טמא נותר פיגול. אם אמר טמא מה שאוכל לך, וכן כולם. אסור, שכל אלו דברים הנוהגים בקדשים הם:

כאימרא. כשה של קרבן:

כדירים. כלשכת העצים או כלשכת הטלאים:

כעצים. כגזרי עצים של מערכה:

כאישים. כקרבנות שעל האש:

כמזבח. כקרבנות שעל גבי המזבח:

כהיכל. כקרבנות שבהיכל:

כירושלים. כקרבנות שבירושלים. פירוש אחר. כחומות ירושלים, דקסבר שחומות ירושלים משיירי הלשכה קא אתו:

באחד מכל משמשי המזבח. כגון מזלגות מזרקות ומחתות. אם אמר כמזלגות שאוכל לך, או כמזרקות שאוכל לך, וכן כולם, אף על פי שלא הזכיר קרבן, הרי זה כנודר בקרבן:

רבי יהודה אומר האומר ירושלים. בלא כ״ף, לא אמר כלום. ות״ק פליג עליה. ואין הלכה כרבי יהודה: