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Perek 3

Mishnayos Moed Katan Perek 3 Mishnah 1

מועד קטן פרק ג׳ משנה א׳

1
And these may shave and cut their hair on the intermediate days of a Festival: One who comes from a country overseas; and one who is released from a house of captivity; and one who comes out of prison on the intermediate days of a Festival; and one who had been ostracized and therefore prohibited from cutting his hair, and the Sages released him from his decree of ostracism on the intermediate days of the Festival; and similarly, one who had vowed not to cut his hair and then requested of a Sage to dissolve his vow and was released from it on the intermediate days of the Festival; and the nazirite whose term of naziriteship ended on the intermediate days of a Festival; and the leper who needs to purify himself on the intermediate days and must shave his entire body in order to leave his state of ritual impurity and regain his ritual purity. Since these people were not able to cut their hair on the eve of the Festival, they are permitted to do so on the intermediate days of the Festival.
וְאֵלּוּ מְגַלְּחִין בַּמּוֹעֵד, הַבָּא מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם, וּמִבֵּית הַשִּׁבְיָה, וְהַיּוֹצֵא מִבֵּית הָאֲסוּרִין, וְהַמְנֻדֶּה שֶׁהִתִּירוּ לוֹ חֲכָמִים, וְכֵן מִי שֶׁנִּשְׁאַל לְחָכָם וְהֻתַּר, וְהַנָּזִיר, וְהַמְּצֹרָע הָעוֹלֶה מִטֻּמְאָתוֹ לְטָהֳרָתוֹ:
א׳

אלו מגלחין. הבא ממדינת הים – During the Festival, for he did not have time to shave prior to the Festival. And this is a case of one who departed for business or to a thing that was necessary, if he didn’t depart other than to a mere walk/doing errands, it is prohibited [to shave].

והיוצא מבית האסורין – and even if he was imprisoned at the hand of an Israelite who would let him shave, because he was in pain.

ומנודה – who released him from his excommunication during the Festival, but prior to the Festival, he was not able to shave since someone who was excommunicated is prohibited to cut his hair.

ומי שנדר – [vowed] not to shave, and he could not find a Sage that would release him from his vow prior to the Festival. Alternatively, he did not find an opening for regret other than during the Festival.

והנזיר – who completed his being a Nazirite vow during the Festival.

ה"ג והמצורע העולה מטומאתו לטהרתו – if his seventh day occurs during the Festival, he is permitted to take a haircut, as it is written (Leviticus 14:9): “On the seventh day he shall shave off all his hair [– of head, beard, and eye-brows…].” And the shaving of the bald spot [on the head or in the beard] is not considered, for it is not other than a small thing when he shaves around the bald spot. And there reason that it is prohibited to shave on the Festival outside of those who are taught in the Mishnah is in order that they should not intend to shave during the Festival when they are idle from work and the First Day of the Festival comes when they are disgraced, that is is the reason also that the they prohibited laundering on the Festival.

ואלו מגלחין. הבא ממדינת הים. במועד. שלא היה לו פנאי לגלח קודם המועד. והוא שפירש לסחורה או לדבר הצריך, אבל אם לא פירש אלא לטיול בעלמא אסור:

והיוצא מבית האסורין. ואפילו חבוש ביד ישראל שהיה מניחו לגלח, לפי שהיה בצער:

ומנודה. שהתירו לו נדויו במועד. וקודם המועד לא היה יכול לגלח, דמנודה אסור בתספורת:

ומי שנדר. שלא לגלח, ולא מצא חכם שיתיר לו נדרו קודם המועד. א״נ לא מצא פתח לחרטה אלא במועד:

והנזיר. שהשלים נזירותו במועד:

ה״ג והמצורע העולה מטומאתו לטהרתו. אם חל שביעי שלו במועד מותר בתספורת, דכתיב (ויקרא י״ד:ט׳) ביום השביעי יגלח את כל שערו. וגלוח דנתק לא חשיב, שאינו אלא דבר מועט שמגלח סביב הנתק. וטעמא דאסור לכל אדם לגלח במועד חוץ מאלו השנויים במשנה, כדי שלא יכוונו לגלח בתוך המועד שהם בטלים בו ממלאכה ויבוא י״ט ראשון של רגל כשהם מנוולים. וה״ט נמי דאסרו הכבוס במועד: