Mishnayos Gittin Perek 2 Mishnah 2
Change text layout:
גיטין פרק ב׳ משנה ב׳
If a bill of divorce was written during the day and signed on the same day; or if it was written at night and signed on that same night; or if it was written at night and signed on the following day, then it is valid. The new calendar day begins at night, so that in all of these cases the writing and the signing were performed on the same date. However, if it was written during the day and signed on that same night, it is invalid, as the writing and the signing were not on the same calendar day. Rabbi Shimon deems the bill of divorce valid. The mishna explains the ruling of Rabbi Shimon: As Rabbi Shimon would say: All documents that were written during the day and signed at night are invalid because the date recorded in the document is a day prior to the day the document takes effect, except for women’s bills of divorce. Since a bill of divorce is not used to collect money, it is of no concern if the date that appears on it is before the time when it was signed.
נִכְתַּב בַּיּוֹם וְנֶחְתַּם בַּיּוֹם, בַּלַּיְלָה וְנֶחְתַּם בַּלַּיְלָה, בַּלַּיְלָה וְנֶחְתַּם בַּיּוֹם, כָּשֵׁר. בַּיּוֹם וְנֶחְתַּם בַּלַּיְלָה, פָּסוּל. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַכְשִׁיר, שֶׁהָיָה רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, כָּל הַגִּטִּין שֶׁנִּכְתְּבוּ בַיּוֹם וְנֶחְתְּמוּ בַלַּיְלָה, פְּסוּלִין, חוּץ מִגִּטֵּי נָשִׁים:
Bartenura
בלילה ונחתם ביום כשר. שהיום הולך אחר הלילה ואין זה מוקדם:
ביום ונחתם בלילה פסול. שהרי מוקדם הוא. ותקנו חכמים זמן בגיטין, גזירה שמא יהיה נשוי עם בת אחותו ותזנה עליו וחס עליה שלא תחנק ונותן לה גט בלא זמן. וכשמעידים עליה בב״ד מוציאה גיטה ואומרת גרושה הייתי ופנויה באותה שעה:
ור״ש מכשיר. דסבר ר״ש דחכמים תקנו זמן בגיטין משום פירי, שאם לא יהיה זמן בגט יהיה הבעל מוכר והולך פירות נכסי מלוג של אשתו לאחר גרושין, וכשתתבעו בדין יאמר קודם גירושין מכרתי. ולהכי מכשיר ר״ש בנכתב ביום ונחתם בלילה אע״פ שהוא מוקדם, דסבר משעה שנתן עיניו לגרש אע״פ שלא גירש שוב אין לו לבעל פירות. ואין הלכה כר״ש:
בלילה ונחתם ביום כשר – since the daytime goes after the [previous] night, and this is not in advance/early.
ביום ונחתם בלילה פסול – since it is early. And the Sages instituted the time in Jewish bills of divorce, decreed, less a person would be married with his sister’s daughter (niece}, and she will commit an offense against him, and he has compassion upon her that she not be strangled to death, and he gives her a Jewish bill of divorce without the time included, and when they testify against her in the Jewish court, she takes out her Jewish bill of divorce and states that she was a divorcee and was a free (literally, “open”) woman at that time.
ור"ש מכשיר – (a Jewish bill of divorce written in the daytime and signed at night), for Rabbi Shimon thinks (i.e., “holds”) that the Sages established [putting] the time in the Jewish bill of divorce because of the usufruct [involved], for if the time would not be [stated] in the Jewish bill of divorce, the husband would sell the usufruct (the wife’s estate of which the husband has fruition without responsibility for loss or deterioration – while married] of his wife after the divorce, and when she would claim against him in court, he would claim that he sold it prior to the divorce. And Rabbi Shimon validates this when it [the Jewish bill of divorce] was written during the day time and signed at night, even though it is in advance. For he holds that from the time that he desired to divorce her even though he had not [yet] divorced her, from then on, the husband does not have [access to] the usufruct, but the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Shimon.