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Mishnayos Eruvin Perek 8 Mishnah 2

עירובין פרק ח׳ משנה ב׳

2

What is the measure for an joining of Shabbat boundaries? It consists of a quantity of food sufficient for two meals for each and every one of those included in the eiruv. The tanna’im disagree with regard to the size of these two meals. It is referring to one’s food that he eats on a weekday and not on Shabbat; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yehuda says: It is referring to the amount he eats on Shabbat and not on a weekday. And both this Sage, Rabbi Meir, and that Sage, Rabbi Yehuda, intended to be lenient, as Rabbi Meir maintains that people eat more food on Shabbat, whereas Rabbi Yehuda believes that they consume more on a weekday. Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Beroka says: Food for two meals is the size of a loaf bought with a pundeyon, which is one-forty-eighth of a sela, when four se’a of wheat are sold for a sela. Rabbi Shimon says: Food for two meals is two of three parts of a loaf, when three loaves are prepared from a kav of wheat. In other words, the measure is two-thirds of a loaf the size of one-third of a kav. Having discussed measures with regard to a loaf of bread, the mishna states that half of this loaf is the amount called a half [peras], a measure relevant for the halakhot of a leprous house. If one enters a house afflicted with leprosy and remains there long enough to eat this amount of food, the clothes he is wearing become ritually impure. And half of its half, a quarter of this loaf, is the amount of ritually impure food that disqualifies the body. In other words, impure food of this amount imparts ritual impurity to the body of the eater, and disqualifies him by rabbinic law from eating teruma.

כַּמָּה הוּא שִׁעוּרוֹ, מְזוֹן שְׁתֵּי סְעוּדוֹת לְכָל אֶחָד. מְזוֹנוֹ לְחֹל וְלֹא לְשַׁבָּת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, לְשַׁבָּת וְלֹא לְחֹל. וְזֶה וָזֶה מִתְכַּוְּנִין לְהָקֵל. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן בְּרוֹקָה אוֹמֵר, מִכִּכָּר בְּפֻנְדְּיוֹן, מֵאַרְבַּע סְאִין בְּסֶלַע. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, שְׁתֵּי יָדוֹת לְכִכָּר מִשָּׁלֹשׁ לְקָב. חֶצְיָהּ לְבַיִת הַמְנֻגָּע, וַחֲצִי חֶצְיָהּ לִפְסֹל אֶת הַגְּוִיָּה:

ב׳
Bartenura

מזון שתי סעודות לכל אחד – because he acquires his Sabbath camp/place to be the center of Sabbath movements there, he needs to leave there some food that he needs for Shabbat.

אלו ואלו מתכוונים להקל – Rabbi Meir holds that on Shabbat a person eats more because it is the basis of his cooking (which is why he preferred as his standard the food that he consumes on a weekday). But Rabbi Yehuda holds that since on Shabbat he eats three meals, he doesn’t eat a great deal at each meal, but the two meals of a weekday is more than two meals of the Sabbath [day].

ככר בפונדיון – a loaf that is purchased for a Pundiyon (equal to 16 perutot/pennies or 2 Issar) – when they sell four S’ah of wheat to a Sela, and four S’ah are twenty-four Kabin, and the Sela is twenty-four M’ah, it is found that it is a Kab for each M’ah and the M’ah is two Pundiyon, behold that a loaf that is sold in the marketplace for a Pundiyon which is one-half of a Kab, and the storekeeper buys half for the cost of the baking and the milling, it is found that the loaf that is purchased from the storekeeper for a Pundiyon is one-quarter of a Kab which is six eggs, for the Kab is twenty-four eggs in volume, and they are the measurement of two meals of the Eruv according to Rabbi Yohanan ben Berokah. And the Halakha is according to him.

רבי שמעון – [he] reduces the requisite measure and states that it is enough to make an Eruv with two-thirds of a loaf of the size of three loaves to the Kab. And a complete loaf [of bread] of eight eggs is one-third of a Kab. But two-thirds of it which are five eggs and more (i.e., one-third) is for two meals.

חציה לבית המנוגע – this [section] is an anonymous Mishnah, and this is what he said: Half of a full loaf [of bread] that they estimated/measured whether according to the one (Rabbi Yohanan ben Beroka) or the other (Rabbi Shimon), is the measurement for a delay/pause in a leprous house, for a person who enters into a house where there is within it the plague of leprosy, even though becomes immediately ritually defiled, he does not require the washing of his clothes until he waits in order to eat, and this half-loaf [of bread] is in order that he can eat. But for Rabbi Yohanan ben Beroka who stated that a full loaf which is a quarter of a Kab – being the volume of six eggs, it is found that half of that is three eggs, and it this is a piece/certain quantity of bread [or half a loaf] (see Tractate Negaim, Chapter 13, Mishnah 9), that is in the entire Talmud. But for Rabbi Shimon who stated that a full loaf [of bread] is one-third of a Kab, which is eight eggs, that half is four eggs, and this is a piece of bread/half a loaf in all of the Talmud according to Rabbi Shimon. But even though that Rabbi Shimon holds that in a full loaf [of bread] are three meals, for the two-thirds that Rabbi Shimon mentions – is for two meals, these words concern an Eruv that they intended for it, to be lenient, and there is no need for two complete meals. But in all the rest of the places, Rabbi Shimon thinks that a meal is not less than one-half of a loaf of one-third of a Kab, and we require that he wait/delay [the time it takes] in order that he can eat this half-loaf which is four eggs.

חצי חציה לפסול את הגויה – that the person who consumes impure foods equivalent to one-half of a piece of bread, his body is defiled according to the Rabbis from eating heave-offering/Terumah (if he is a Kohen). And half of a piece of bread is an egg-and-a-half [in volume] according to Rabbi Yohanan ben Beroka and two eggs [in volume] according to Rabbi Shimon.

מזון שתי סעודות לכל אחד. מתוך שקונה שביתתו שם צריך להניח שם מזון שצריך לו לשבת:

אלו ואלו מתכוונים להקל. רבי מאיר סבר בשבת אכיל אינש טפי משום דבסים תבשיליה. ור׳ יהודה סבר כיון דבשבת אכיל שלש סעודות אינו מרבה לאכול בכל סעודה, וב׳ סעודות של חול הוי טפי מב׳ סעודות של שבת:

ככר בפונדיון. ככר הלקוח בפונדיון כשמוכרין ד׳ סאין חטין לסלע. וד׳ סאין הן כ״ד קבין, והסלע כ״ד מעין, נמצא קב לכל מעה, והמעה שני פונדיונין, הרי ככר הנמכר בשוק בפונדיון הוא חצי קב, והחנוני לוקח החצי לשכר האפיה והטחינה, נמצא ככר הלקוח מן החנוני בפונדיון הוא רובע קב שהם ו׳ ביצים, שהקב כ״ד ביצים, והם שיעור ב׳ סעודות של עירוב לדברי רבי יוחנן בן ברוקא. והלכה כמותו:

רבי שמעון. ממעט בשיעור ואומר שדי לערב בשתי ידות של ככר של ג׳ ככרות לקב. וככר שלם של ח׳ ביצים הוא שלישית הקב. ושתי ידותיה שהם ה׳ ביצים ויותר הוו ב׳ סעודות:

חציה לבית המנוגע. סתם מתניתין היא, והכי קאמר, חצי ככר שלם ששיערו בו בין למר ובין למר, הוא שיעור לשהיית בית המנוגע, שהנכנס לבית שיש בו נגע צרעת אע״פ שהוא טמא מיד אינו טעון כבוס בגדים עד שישהה כדי אכילה, וחצי ככר זו הוי כדי אכילה. ולרבי יוחנן בן ברוקה דאמר ככר שלם הוי רובע קב שהם ששה ביצים, נמצא חציה ג׳ ביצים והוא פרס דבכולי תלמודא. ולר׳ שמעון דאמר ככר שלם הוא של שלישית הקב שהם ח׳ ביצים, הוי חציה ד׳ ביצים והוא פרס דבכולי תלמודא אליבא דר׳ שמעון. ואע״ג דר״ש סבר דבככר שלם יש ג׳ סעודות דהא שתי ידותיה קאמר ר״ש דהוי שתי סעודות, הני מילי בעירוב דנתכוונו בו להקל וא״צ שתי סעודות שלימות, אבל בכל שאר דוכתי סבירא ליה לר׳ שמעון דאין סעודה פחותה מחצי ככר של שלישית הקב, ובעינן שישהה כדי אכילת חצי ככר זו שהם ד׳ ביצים:

חצי חציה לפסול את הגויה. דהאוכל אוכלים טמאים כחצי פרס נפסל גופו מדרבנן מלאכול בתרומה. וחצי פרס הוי ביצה ומחצה לר״י בן ברוקה, וב׳ ביצים לר״ש: