Beitzah 1:4 - 1:5

זימן שחורים ומצא לבנים – this matter is simple and it was not necessary to teach it. But this is how it should be understood – that if he designated black and white ones and found black ones in the place of white ones and white ones in the place of black ones. And this is the explanation of our Mishnah – that he designated black ones in this nest and found white ones there, [or] he designated in the second [nest] white ones and found it black ones, you might think they had been reversed, but it comes to teach us that this is not the case.

שנים ומצא ג' – and he doesn’t recognize the ones that are ready, all of them are forbidden.

שלשה ומצא שנים מותרים – and one went off, and he two remained. And we don’t say that just as the one went off, so all the others went off and these are the others.

זימן בתוך הקן ומצא לפני הקן – but within the nest he did not find all of them, they are forbidden.

ואם אין באותו שובך אלא הן הרי אלו מותרין – and even though there is another dovecote near it within fifty cubits, if that dovecote is not in the row of this dovecote equivalently other than in the corner-piece, we don’t say that from that dovecote that is closest to it. For the pigeons all the while that they are not flying but are stretching their legs, they are not equally stretching other opposite their own nest, for if they see their nests when they turn around to their backs they stretch, and if not they do not stretch.

העלי – the handle of a very large piece of wood where they pound/crush grits and similar things. But because of its heaviness and size, for it is not considered a utensil.

לקצב – to cut/sever.

וב"ה מתירין – because of the joy of the Festival, and even though it is not considered as utensil.

לפני בית הדריסה – that people will tread upon it, in order that he will not lose it.

ולא יגביהנו – to carry it after flaying it.

וב"ה מתירין – for if he did not permit it, he would not slaughter it in order not to lose the hide, and be prevented from the rejoicing of the Festival.

תריסין – those who sell spices have stores that are made like chests which stand in the market and are not attached to the ground. And these shutters are doors that close the openings of these chests, and sometimes these shutters are removed from the opening of the chest and they spread upon them, the dyes/ingredients of frankincense that are in the store.

מתירין עף להחזיר – with these shutters that lack a hinge from the side, no one disagrees that it is forbidden to lock with them even the doors of the stores, for this is comparable to building. But they do dispute regarding shutters that have a hinge in the middle like something protruding and they insert it in the hole that is in the middle wall, at the opening of the store. The School of Shammai holds that we make a decree that a hinge in the middle is on account of the hinge from the side. But the School of Hillel holds that we do not make a decree concerning the shutters of the stores, and it is permitted ot return them, because it is necessary to remove spices and if we don’t permit him to return them, he would not open it and would be prevented from the joy of the Festival.

לא את הקטן – nor whatever it may be that is not for the needs of eating.

וב"ה מתירין – who say that since it was permitted to remove something for the needs of eating, it is also permitted for something that is not for the needs of eating, and there would be a need for a Mitzvah such as these that are considered in our Mishnah, or for the need of something enjoyable such as from the opening of his house and similar things, to exclude the removal of stones and similar things, for on those, the School of Hillel admits that it is prohibited.