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Today's Mishnah Yomi

Sukkah 4:2 - 4:3

The Mishnah Yomi for Saturday, April 7, 2029 is Sukkah 4:2 - 4:3

Mishnah 1

Mishnayos Sukkah Perek 4 Mishnah 2

סוכה פרק ד׳ משנה ב׳

2
The mishna elaborates: The lulav is taken for seven days. How so? If the first day of the Festival occurs on Shabbat, since the mitzva to take the lulav on the first day is a mitzva by Torah law, it overrides Shabbat and one takes the lulav that day. As a result, the lulav is then taken for seven days. And if the first day occurs on one of the rest of the days of the week and one of the other days of the Festival coincides with Shabbat, the lulav is taken only six days. Since the mitzva to take the lulav is a mitzva by rabbinic law throughout the rest of Sukkot, it does not override Shabbat.
לוּלָב שִׁבְעָה כֵּיצַד, יוֹם טוֹב הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל חָג שֶׁחָל לִהְיוֹת בְּשַׁבָּת, לוּלָב שִׁבְעָה, וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַיָּמִים, שִׁשָּׁה:
ב׳

לולב שבעה – for the first day [of Sukkot] supersedes the Sabbath because it has the essential [principle] from the Torah outside of Jerusalem, as it is written (Leviticus 23:40): “ On the first day you shall take [the product of hadar trees, branches of palm trees, boughs of leafy trees, and willows of the brook, and you shall rejoice before the LORD your God seven days].”

ושאר כל הימים – if the First Day [of Sukkot] occurs on the other days of the week, and it is found that Shabbat occurs during the Intermediate Days of the Festival, it does not supersede [the Sabbath], and even though, from the Torah, all seven [are observed] in the Temple, the Sages preserved their decree on the other days of the Festival [of Sukkot] since they lack the principle from the Torah outside of Jerusalem. But by law, even in our times, the Lulav would supersede the Sabbath on the First Day of the Festival [of Sukkot], but because we are not expert in the establishment of the month, and lest that it is not the first day of the Festival, therefore, it does not supersede the Sabbath from doubt. But the reason that they (i.e., the Sages) decreed to not take up the Lulav on the Sabbath, for in taking it up, there is no [violation] of work other than merely carrying, and it was decreed lest he take it in his hand and would walk to someone expert to learn the blessing and the order of the Wavings [of the Lulav] and cause to pass four cubits in the public domain, and that is the reason for the Shofar [which is prohibited to carry on Shabbat] and that is the reason for the Megillah [which is prohibited to carry on Shabbat].

לולב שבעה. דיום ראשון דוחה שבת משום דאית ליה עיקר מן התורה בגבולים דכתיב (ויקרא כ״ג:מ׳) ולקחתם לכם ביום הראשון:

ושאר כל הימים. אם חל יו״ט ראשון בשאר ימי החול, ונמצאת שבת בחול המועד, לא דחי. ואע״ג דכל שבעה הוא מן התורה במקדש, העמידו חכמים גזירתם בשאר ימי החג הואיל ואין להם עיקר מן התורה בגבולים. ובדין היה דאפילו בזמן הזה יהיה לולב דוחה את השבת ביום טוב ראשון של חג, אלא משום דלא בקיאינן בקביעא דירחא, ושמא אין זה יו״ט ראשון הלכך לא דחינן שבת מספיקא. וטעמא דגזרו שלא ליטול לולב בשבת, והרי אין בנטילתו שום מלאכה אלא טלטול בעלמא, גזירה שמא יטלנו בידו וילך אצל בקי ללמוד הברכה או סדר הנענועים ויעבירנו ד׳ אמות ברה״ר והיינו טעמא דשופר והיינו טעמא דמגילה:

Mishnah 2

Mishnayos Sukkah Perek 4 Mishnah 3

סוכה פרק ד׳ משנה ג׳

3
The altar is encircled with the willow branch for seven days. How so? If the seventh day of the mitzva of the willow branch occurs on Shabbat, since on that day it is a mitzva by Torah law, it overrides Shabbat and the mitzva of the willow branch is then performed for seven days. And if the seventh day occurs on one of the rest of the days of the week, and one of the other days of the Festival coincides with Shabbat, since the mitzva of the willow branch is then by rabbinic law and consequently does not override Shabbat, it is performed for only six days.
עֲרָבָה שִׁבְעָה כֵּיצַד, יוֹם שְׁבִיעִי שֶׁל עֲרָבָה שֶׁחָל לִהְיוֹת בְּשַׁבָּת, עֲרָבָה שִׁבְעָה, וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַיָּמִים שִׁשָּׁה:
ג׳

יום שביעי של ערבה כו' – for the sake of recognition to know that it is from the Torah, that is to say, a usage dating from Moses as delivered from Sinai (i.e., a traditional interpretation of a written law), and because of this recognition, it was established that its seventh [day] supersedes the Sabbath in the Temple, for with the willow, they would make a circuit around the altar. But today, it is not other than a custom of the Prophets that they directed the people to take the willow on the seventh day other than the willow in the Lulav, but we don’t make a blessing upon it.

יום שביעי של ערבה כו׳ דעבוד הכירא לדעת שהיא דאורייתא, כלומר הלכה למשה מסיני. ומשום האי הכירא תקון דשביעי שלה דוחה שבת במקדש, שבערבה היו מקיפים את המזבח. והאידנא אינה אלא מנהג נביאים שהנהיגו את העם ליטול ערבה בשביעי חוץ מערבה שבלולב, ואין מברכין עליה:

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