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Today's Mishnah Yomi

Shekalim 4:8 - 4:9

The Mishnah Yomi for Saturday, February 3, 2029 is Shekalim 4:8 - 4:9

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Mishnah 1

Mishnayos Shekalim Perek 4 Mishnah 8

שקלים פרק ד׳ משנה ח׳

8
However, with regard to one who consecrates all his possessions without explicitly specifying that this includes his animals, since there is no reason to presume that he wishes them all to be consecrated for the same purpose, it is presumed that each item is consecrated for the purpose most suited to it. Therefore, he should act in accordance with the statement of Rabbi Yehoshua. In the case of one who consecrates all his possessions, and among them there were items that are suitable to be sacrificed on the altar, such as wines for libations, and oils for meal-offerings, and birds, e.g., turtledoves or young pigeons, Rabbi Eliezer says: They are sold for the needs of that kind of item, i.e., to individuals who will use them as such. And he should bring with their monetary value that is received from their sale burnt-offerings. And the rest of the possessions are allocated for Temple maintenance.
הַמַּקְדִּישׁ נְכָסִים וְהָיוּ בָּהֶן דְּבָרִים רְאוּיִין עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, יֵינוֹת, שְׁמָנִים וְעוֹפוֹת, רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר, יִמָּכְרוּ לְצָרְכֵי אוֹתוֹ הַמִּין וְיָבִיא בִּדְמֵיהֶן עוֹלוֹת, וּשְׁאָר נְכָסִים יִפְּלוּ לְבֶדֶק הַבָּיִת:
ח׳

יינות שמנים וסלתות – which are appropriate for meal-offerings and libations.

ועופות – doves and pigeons.

Rabbi Eleazar is our reading and not Rabbi Eliezer. The reason of Rabbi Eleazar is explained in the Jerusalem Talmud, as it is written (Leviticus 22:18): “[When any man of the house of Israel or of the strangers in Israel] presents a burnt offering as his offering for any of the votive or any of the freewill offerings [that they offer to the LORD],” all that they vow or donate from things that they donate to the LOD, even wines, oils and fine-flour will be for a burnt offering – he is able to offer with their monetary value a burnt offering of fowl or if he first gave a fowl, he shall offer it as a burnt offering, the inference teaches us (Leviticus 22:19): “from cattle or sheep or goats.” Surely, he does not with all what he donated other than only a burnt offering of cattle.

יינות שמנים וסלתות. שהן ראוים למנחות ולנסכים:

ועופות. תורים ובני יונה:

ר׳ אלעזר. גרסינן, ולא ר׳ אליעזר, וטעמא דר״א מפורש בירושלמי, דכתיב (ויקרא כ״ב) לכל נדריהם ולכל נדבותם אשר יקריבו לה׳ לעולה, כל מה שהם נודרים ומתנדבים מדברים אשר יקריבו לה׳ אפילו יינות שמנים וסלתות יהיה לעולה, יכול יקריב בדמיהן עולת העוף, או אם הקדיש עוף יקריבנו עולה, ת״ל (שם) בבקר בכשבים ובעזים, הא אינו מקריב בכל מה שהתנדב אלא עולת בהמה בלבד:

Mishnah 2

Mishnayos Shekalim Perek 4 Mishnah 9

שקלים פרק ד׳ משנה ט׳

9
Once every thirty days, the prices at which the Temple supplies such as wine, flour, or oil will be purchased are set for the Temple chamber. This set price is implemented in the following way: Any merchant who undertakes to provide fine flour after the chamber set a price of four se’a per sela, even if the general market price rose and stood at three se’a per sela, he must provide fine flour based on the set price of four se’a per sela. However, if the chamber’s set price was three se’a per sela, and the general market price fell to four se’a per sela, he must now provide fine flour based on the new market price of four se’a per sela. This is in order that the Temple treasury of consecrated property always has the upper hand. If the fine flour became wormy, it became wormy for the merchant, i.e., he bears the loss of the ruined fine flour and must provide new fine flour in its place. Similarly, if the wine turned to vinegar, it turned to vinegar for the merchant. This is because the merchant only receives, i.e., earns, his money once the altar is satisfied, i.e., the transaction is only realized once the items have been sacrificed on the altar.
אַחַת לִשְׁלשִׁים יוֹם, מְשַׁעֲרִין אֶת הַלִּשְׁכָּה. כָּל הַמְקַבֵּל עָלָיו לְסַפֵּק סְלָתוֹת מֵאַרְבַּע, עָמְדוּ מִשָּׁלשׁ, יְסַפֵּק מֵאַרְבַּע. מִשָּׁלשׁ וְעָמְדוּ מֵאַרְבַּע, יְסַפֵּק מֵאַרְבַּע, שֶׁיַּד הֶקְדֵּשׁ עַל הָעֶלְיוֹנָה. וְאִם הִתְלִיעָה סֹלֶת, הִתְלִיעָה לוֹ. וְאִם הֶחְמִיץ יַיִן, הֶחְמִיץ לוֹ. וְאֵינוֹ מְקַבֵּל אֶת מְעוֹתָיו, עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא הַמִּזְבֵּחַ מְרַצֶּה:
ט׳

משערין את הלשכה – they calculate the market price for wines, oils and fine-flour and this market price will stand for thirty days. And they purchase every day from the sellers of wine, oils and fine flour what they need for that sum that they established. But if the cost went up, they do no t add monies, and if it became less expensive, they purchase according to the cheaper price.

המקבל עליו לספק סלתות – in the days of the wheat harvest and the vintage of the grapes and olive harvest, the treasurers would advance money to the storekeeper and the storekeeper would accept upon himself to supply wine, oils and fine flour all year long. But if they were then sold four Se’ah for a Sela and their price increased and stood at three Se’ah for a Sela, one must give four Se’ah. For that which is dedicated to a sacred purpose/Temple property acquires with money, as it is written (Leviticus 27:19 – though the quote is not exact, but all of the sources refer to this verse): “[And if he who consecrated the land wishes to redeem it, he must add one-fifth to the sum at which it was assessed,] and it shall pass to him.” But if he accepted to supply three Se’ah for a Sela and the price became cheaper and stood at four [Se’ah] for a Selah, he gives the four [Se’ah] for a Selah, for he is not worse than a commoner, that does not acquire other than through משיכה/”pulling.”

התליע לו – even if the treasurer pulled and gave the monies for the property which may be resorted to in case of non-payment on behalf of the storekeeper.

אינו מקבל את מעותיו – that is to say, they are not considered the monies of the storekeeper nor did he take possession of them, and even though he received them from the treasurer.

עד שיהיה המזבח מרצה – Therefore, if the wine soured or the fine-flour became infected with worms, the responsibility is upon is the storekeeper.

משערין את הלשכה. פוסקים שער ליינות שמנים וסלתות, שיעמוד זה השער שלשים יום. ולוקחים בכל יום ממוכרי יינות שמנים וסלתות מה שהן צריכין באותו הסכום שפסקו, ואם נתייקר המקח אין מוסיפים דמים, ואם הוזל לוקחים לפי הזול:

המקבל עליו לספק סלתות. בימות קציר חטים ובצירת ענבים ומסיקת זיתים היו הגזברים מקדימים מעות לחנוני והיה החנוני מקבל עליו לספק יינות שמנים וסלתות כל השנה. ואם היו אז נמכרים ד׳ סאין בסלע והוקרו ועמדו ג׳ סאין בסלע, צריך ליתן ד׳ סאין, דהקדש קונה בכסף, דכתיב ונתן הכסף וקם לו. ואם קבל לספק ג׳ סאין בסלע והוזלו ועמדו ד׳ בסלע, נותן ד׳ בסלע, דלא גרע מהדיוט דלא קני אלא במשיכה:

התליע לו. ואפי׳ משך הגזבר ונתן מעות, אחריותם על החנוני:

אינו מקבל את מעותיו. כלומר אינם נחשבים מעותיו של חנוני ולא זכה בהם ואע״פ שקבלם מן הגזבר:

עד שיהיה המזבח מרצה. שיעלה לרצון על המזבח. הלכך אם החמיץ היין או התליעה הסולת אחריותם על החנוני:

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