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Today's Mishnah Yomi

Eruvin 4:8 - 4:9

The Mishnah Yomi for Tuesday, November 7, 2028 is Eruvin 4:8 - 4:9

Mishnah 1

Mishnayos Eruvin Perek 4 Mishnah 8

עירובין פרק ד׳ משנה ח׳

8
If one is not familiar with a tree or any other noticeable landmark, or if he is not an expert in the halakha, unaware that residence can be established from a distance, and he said: My residence is at my current location, then his presence at his current location acquires for him the right to walk two thousand cubits in each direction. The manner in which the two thousand cubits are measured is the subject of a tannaitic dispute. These cubits are measured circularly, i.e., as a circle with a radius of two thousand cubits; this is the statement of Rabbi Ḥanina ben Antigenos. And the Rabbis say: These are measured squarely, i.e., as a square tablet, with each side measuring four thousand cubits, so that he gains the corners. He is permitted to walk from the middle to the corners of the square as well, a distance of approximately 2,800 cubits.
אִם אֵינוֹ מַכִּיר, אוֹ שֶׁאֵינוֹ בָקִי בַהֲלָכָה, וְאָמַר, שְׁבִיתָתִי בִמְקוֹמִי, זָכָה לוֹ מְקוֹמוֹ אַלְפַּיִם אַמָּה לְכָל רוּחַ. עֲגֻלּוֹת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בֶן אַנְטִיגְנוֹס. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, מְרֻבָּעוֹת, כְּטַבְלָא מְרֻבַּעַת, כְּדֵי שֶׁיְּהֵא נִשְׂכָּר לַזָּוִיּוֹת:
ח׳

ואם אינו מכיר – a tree or a fence.

או אינו בקי בהלכה – but he doesn’t know that it will benefit him when he says, that my Sabbath resting place is in a certain place, but he said “my Sabbath resting place is in its place,” he has acquired his place.

עגולות – that regarding the Cities of Refuge, when we appoint them, we derive two thousand cubits of the Sabbath limit, as it is written (Numbers 35:5): “[You shall measure off two thousand cubits outside the town on the east side, two thousand on the south side, two thousand on the west side, and two thousand on the north side, with the town in the center.] That shall be the pasture for their towns.” To this one you give corners (see Talmud Eruvin 51a) which are corner-pieces, but you don’t give corner-pieces to those who set up Sabbath resting places, but the Rabbis who required square expound upon this to include like this (i.e., square) it will be for all Sabbath resting places, and the Halakha is according to the Sages.

כטבלא מרובעת – Maimonides wrote that because it is impossible to make an exactly defined quadrangular, the Mishnah purposely taught "כטבלא מרובעת"/a square board, that is to say, as people are accustomed to make something square, even though it is not an exactly defined quadrangular.

נשכר את הזויות – four corners in its diameter of the quadrangular which is greater than the circle that is within it.

ואם אינו מכיר. אילן או גדר:

או שאינו בקי בהלכה. ואינו יודע שיועיל לו כשיאמר שביתתי במקום פלוני. ואמר שביתתי במקומו. זכה לו מקומו:

עגולות. דבערי מקלט דמינייהו ילפינן אלפים אמה של תחום שבת כתיב (במדבר ל״ה:ה׳) [זה יהיה להם מגרשי הערים]. לזה אתה נותן פאות, דהיינו זויות ואי אתה נותן פאות לשובתי שבת. ורבנן דבעו מרובעות דרשי זה לרבויי, כזה יהיו כל שובתי שבת. והלכה כחכמים:

כטבלא מרובעת. כתב הרמב״ם לפי שא״א לעשות מרובע מצומצם בכיון, תנא כטבלא מרובעת, כלומר כדרך שבני אדם רגילים לרבע, אע״פ שאינו מרובע בצמצום:

נשכר את הזויות. ארבע הפיאות שבאלכסונו של מרובע העודפות על העגול שבתוכו:

Mishnah 2

Mishnayos Eruvin Perek 4 Mishnah 9

עירובין פרק ד׳ משנה ט׳

9
And this is the meaning of that which the Sages said: The pauper establishes an eiruv with his feet, i.e., one who does not have the bread required to establish an eiruv may walk anywhere within his Shabbat limit and declare: This is my residence, and his Shabbat limit is measured from that location. Rabbi Meir said: We have this leniency in effect only for a pauper, who does not have food for two meals. However, one who has bread may only establish residence with bread. Rabbi Yehuda says: This leniency is in effect for both a pauper and a wealthy person. The Sages said that one establishes an eiruv with bread only in order to be lenient with the wealthy person, so that he need not exert himself and go out and establish an eiruv with his feet. Instead, he can appoint an agent to place bread for him in that location. This, however, does not negate the option of personally going to that location in order to establish residence without bread.
וְזוֹ הִיא שֶׁאָמְרוּ, הֶעָנִי מְעָרֵב בְּרַגְלָיו. אָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר, אָנוּ אֵין לָנוּ אֶלָּא עָנִי. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֶחָד עָנִי וְאֶחָד עָשִׁיר, לֹא אָמְרוּ מְעָרְבִין בְּפַת אֶלָּא לְהָקֵל עַל הֶעָשִׁיר, שֶׁלֹּא יֵצֵא וִיעָרֵב בְּרַגְלָיו:
ט׳

זה שאמרו – such as the case of one who is on the road and he doesn’t have bread with him, and now he is poor, the Sages permitted him to make an Eruv with his feet for Rabbi Meir holds that the essence of the Eruv is with bread and it is a leniency for they were lenient regarding the poor or someone who is coming on the road and he doesn’t have any bread to make an Eruv with his feet. But Rabbi Yehuda holds that the essence of the Eruv is with the foot and it is a leniency, for they made a leniency for the rich who is not able to walk on his feet that he may send his Eruv through an agent and the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yehuda. But both Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Yehuda are similar in that if a person says that his Sabbath resting place is in a certain place, he does not acquire a Sabbath resting place in the place that he said, other than if he is poor or comes on the road and doesn’t have any bread with him, but if he is rich, he must send bread in the place of his Sabbath rest, and he who says: “My Sabbath resting place is in this particular place” does not acquire there a Sabbath resting place other than if there is time left during the day where he can run and arrive there prior to the onset of darkness, and if he lacks that much time left during the day, at the hour that he states: “My Sabbath resting place is in a certain place,” he did not acquire a Sabbath resting place there.

זהו שאמרו. כגון זה שהוא בדרך ואין עמו פת, דהשתא עני הוא, לו התירו חכמים לערב ברגליו. דסבירא ליה לרבי מאיר עיקר עירוב בפת, וקולא היא דאקילו גבי עני או מי שבא בדרך ואין עמו פת לערב ברגליו. ור׳ יהודה סבר עיקר עירוב ברגל, וקולא היא דאקילו לעשיר שאינו יכול לילך ברגליו לשלוח עירובו ע״י שליח. והלכה כר״י. ובין ר״מ ובין ר׳ יהודה שוים הם שהאומר שביתתי במקום פלוני אינו קונה שביתה באותו מקום שאמר, אא״כ הוא עני או בא בדרך שאין עמו פת, אבל עשיר צריך שישלח פת במקום שביתתו. והאומר שביתתי במקום פלוני אינו קונה שם שביתה אא״כ יש שהות ביום שהיה יכול לרוץ ולהגיע שם קודם שתחשך, ואם אין כל כך שהות ביום בשעה שאומר שביתתי במקום פלוני לא קנה שם שביתה:

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