Shabbos 17:8 - 18:1

במה דברים אמורים – In the Talmud (Tractate Shabbat 126b), that regarding a lid of vessels, everyone agrees that it is permitted, even though it lacks a handle, and with ground openings, such as the covering for a pit and a cistern no one disputes that it is forbidden if it lacks a handle, but they argue with a handle of a utensil attached to the ground; one opinion holds that it is like the ground and the other opinion holds that is not like the ground; but the Halakha is according to the Sages that what is attached to the ground is like the ground.

מפנין – if one needs their space to sit guests to place divans around the table for a meal or students to hear the sermon, and specifically for a matter of a Mitzvah it is permitted and we don’t concern ourselves with the trouble of Shabbat.

ארבע וחמש – not specifically, for if he needs even more also.

אבל לא את האוצר – that is to say, only that he should no complete the entire hoarded up treasure until he reaches its bottom, for perhaps he will come to make holes/indentations.

מפנין תרומה טהורה – even an Israelite (i.e., non-Kohen) for whom it is not fit can carry it and clear it away because it is fit for a Kohen.

דמאי – because it is fit for the poor as is taught in the Mishnah (Tractate Demai, Chapter 3, Mishnah 1): “We feed the poor and to quarter given to troops on march/transient poor men produce about which there is a suspicion as to whether or not the tithes were appropriately taken,” and if he requires it he would make ownerless his possessions and would be poor and be fit for it; now also the poor is fit for it.

ותרומת מעשר שניטלה תרומתו – the tithe of the tithe which the Levite owes to the Kohen that was taken from it but he did not take the Great Tithe (i.e., the 2% that goes from an Israelite to a Kohen) such as the case where a Levite anticipated first and took the [First] Tithe in the ears of corn but had not yet occurred the obligation of Terumah/priest’s due, for the grain is not liable for Terumah until it becomes shaped into an even pile, and he (i.e., the Levite) advanced and took the [First] Tithe of the ears of corn does not separate anything other than the tithe of the tithe which the Levite owes to the Kohen alone, and he is permitted to consume it even though the Great Tithe was not yet separated out.

ומעשר שני והקדש שנפדו – the owners redeemed them and gave the principal but did not give the [added] one-fifth, and we derive from here that they are redeemed and the one-fifth is a loan to the owners.

אבל לא את הטבל – and even eatables forbidden pending the separation of priestly gifts according to the Rabbis such as that which is sown in a pot without a hole.

ולא את מעשר ראשון שלא נטלה תרומתו – if the Levite anticipated first and he took the [First] Tithe after the grain had been shaped into an even pile before the Great Terumah/priest’s due had been separated from it (i.e., the Israelite’s requirement to give a Kohen two percent), and he (i.e., the Levite) separate the tithe of the tithe (which the Levite owes to the Kohen) but he didn’t separate the Great Terumah – this is First Tithe where Terumah had not been taken which is spoken about here, for since [the grain] had been shaped into an even pile and had become liable for Terumah/priest’s due, when he (i.e., the Levite) takes the First Tithe, even though he separates from it the tithe of the tithe, all the while that he did not separate from it the Great Terumah, it is considered eatables forbidden pending the separation of priestly gifts and it is prohibited to carry it on the Sabbath.

ולא מעשר שני והקדש שלא נפדו – such as the case when they were redeemed, but not redeemed according to Halakha, such as when he redeemed the Second tithe out of fragments of vessels/broken ware, which is no longer a vessel or rubbish (see Tractate Shabbat 123a) and not Second Tithe which is redeemed with money that has upon them a shape/form, as it is written (Deuteronomy 14:25): “[You may convert them into money.] Wrap up the money [and take it with you to the place the LORD your God has chosen].” But sanctified things are not redeemed with land, as it is written (Leviticus 27:23): “and he shall pay the assessment as of that day”- a thing that is given from hand to hand.

לוף – a kind of a legume which is not appropriate raw even for animals. But Maimonides explained it is a from the species of onions.

לעורבין – like the rich people who raise ravens to adulthood, but the Halakha is not according to Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel.