Shabbos 2:1 - 2:2

במה מדליקין – the Shabbat candle – from what does not make the wicks and oils to kindle [them].

לא בלכש – a kind of wool that is in cedar, whether he scraped the tree and it is called the wooly substance of cedar twigs [used for wicks].

בחוסן – flax which is not beaten.

בכלך – the refuse of silk.

בפתילת האידן – a kind of wool that is [in the willow-branch] between the peeling/husk and the wood.

בפתילת המדבר – the leaves of long grass that grow them and kindle them.

בירוקה שעל פני המים – a kind of wool that grows on the walls of the ship when it is delayed a long time in the water. Until here are the wicks that are forbidden; from here onwards are the oils that are forbidden.

לא בזפת ולא בשעוה – he should not give melted pitch or smelted wax in a candle in the place of oil and kindle it but to a sort of long wick which is made from wax is permitted.

ולא בשמן קיק – oil that comes out from seeds that are within the wool of the vine which is called “cotton.” And there are those who explain (Tractate Shabbat 21a) the oil of Jonah’s Ricinus tree (Kikayon), and it is a grass whose leaves are large and is called in Arabic “Kru’ah” and the oil that comes out from it is the thickest. And those wicks which the Sages stated that we don’t kindle with them, what is the reason? Because the flame nibbles at them (producing sputtering sparks), that is to say - that the flame does not enter into the wick [other than] from around it from the outside. And those wicks that the Sages we should not kindle with them because they are not drawn after the wick and because the candle is not kindled properly lest he tilt the oil onto the candle in which he would be found to be starting a fire. Alternatively, he should not set the candle down and leave. But we hold that the Shabbat candle is obligatory.

ולא בשמן שריפה – oil of Terumah/priest’s due that became defiled. And why do we call it defiled heave-offering deemed to be burned? For since it stands to be burned and is prohibited to be consumed. And we are dealing with a Jewish holy day that occurs on a Friday, for we kindle the candle while it is still daylight, we find that it burns impure oil from Terumah on the Jewish holy day and we hold that we may not kindle holy things on the Jewish holy day, as it is written (Exodus 12:10): “And any of it that is left until morning you shall burn in the fire.” And we explain this Biblical verse as such: And that which is left from it until the first morning until the second morning, stand and burn it for we don’t burn that which is left over on the Jewish holy days. And the same law applies for all other Holy things that require burning.

וחכמים אומרים אחד מבושל ואחד שאינו מבושל אין מדליקין בו – and the first teacher [of the Mishnah] also said and no it tallow – which implies all tallow/fat. But there is a dispute between the Sages and the first teacher [of the Mishnah] as one of them thought that it is permitted to kindle with cooked fat that is mixed with oil and the other forbids it even through a mixture with oil. But it is not clear to the Sages in the Talmud which of the two prohibits and which is the one that permits it, but the Halakha is according to the Sages.

אין מדליקין בשמן שריפה ביו"ט – the reason that the Mishnah above (i.e., Mishnah 1) – it is stated, what is the reason that the Mishnah states – and not with impure oil from Terumah, because we don’t kindle with impure oil from Terumah since we do not kindle Holy Things on Jewish holy days.

אין מדליקין בעטרן – refuse of pitch and its smell is extremely bad, but however, it is drawn after the wick more than pitch because it is soft. Therefore, were it not because of the holiness of the Sabbath, they would kindle with it.

שומשמין – such is its name in Arabic, and it is soft, sweet seed and in the Land of Israel there is a lot of it.

צנונות – oil that comes out from radish seed.

פקועות – a desert gourd.

נפט – it is a kind of pitch and white, and its smell is bad, but the Halakha is according to the Sages that we kindle with all of the oils except from those impure ones that are listed above in our Mishnah and except from the oil of balsamum and white naphtha, for each of these two oils flies and burns, and we are concerned lest he set it aside and leave. But there is another reason to prohibit balsamum oil, a decree lest he be in doubt of it because of its importance, and we hold that a person who puts oil in the candle is liable because of starting a fire and one who is doubt of it is liable because of extinguishing it.