Orlah 1:2 - 1:3

ומצאו נטוע – he is exempt [from Orlah], as it is written (Leviticus 19:23): “When you enter the land and plant [any tree for food],” excluding that which is planted by idolaters until they (i.e., the Israelites) had not come to the Land.

נטעו – whether an Israelite or an idolater [had planted it] after they came to the Land, even though the Israelites had not [yet] conquered the Land, he (i.e., the Israelite) is liable [for the laws of Orlah], as it is written (Leviticus 19:23): “any tree” whether it was planted by an Israel or whether it was planted by an idolater.

הנוטע לרבים – that he planted in his domain for the needs of the many/majority.

חייב – as it is written (Leviticus 19:23): “[three years] it shall be forbidden to you, [not to be eaten],” including that which is planted for the community/public.

ורבי יהודה פוטר – he holds that “and plant [any tree for food” (Leviticus 19:23) implies for the community/public, but an amplification following an amplification intimates a restriction, but the Rabbis hold [that the word] “and plant” (Leviticus 19:23) – implies each one for itself. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.

והנוטע ברשות הרבים – for his own needs.

והעובד כוכבים שנטע – in a field of an Israelite.

והגזלן – [a robber] who stole a field and planted it and the owners despaired of it (i.e., of getting it back).

והנוטע בספינה – even though it was not perforated if it is earthenware, because an earthenware utensil does not stand before the roots and they penetrate through the earthenware and absorb from the ground, but something of wood requires perforation.

והעולה מאליו – and especially in the place of the settlement, but not in the place of forests and deserts.

אילן שנעקר – that the wind uprooted it or the river swept it away and brought it to another place.

והסלע עמו – the dust/mud that is around the roots is called a clod, because it is made there as hard as a rock, and it states that if the if that dust/mud was with it and he added upon it dirt and it became rooted there in the land, we see if it (i.e., the fruit tree) can live from the dust/mud that comes with it without any other additional dust/mud [it is] like it is planted in its first place and it is exempt from Orlah, but if not, it is like a tree that grows on its own and is liable [for Orlah].

זעזעתו המחרישה – the dust/mud is scattered and the roots are revealed.