Chullin 10:3 - 10:4

בכור שנתערב במאה – Our Mishnah is dealing with a firstling that came into the hand of a Kohen and a physical defect befell it while in the Kohen’s hand and he sold it to an Israelite with its physical defect. For if it had been a firstling in the hand of an Israelite prior to his giving it to the Kohen, why would we exempt all of them from priestly gifts? The Kohen should say to him: “If it is a firstling, all of it is mine, and if it is not a firstling, give me my gifts.” But, if had already come into the hand of the Kohen and he sold it with its physical defect to an Israelite, and it became mixed up with one hundred [unconsecrated animals], we exempt all of them from [being given] as priestly gifts, for each and every [person] can set himself aside and say to the Kohen: “Mine is the firstling, that he Kohen sold” and he is exempt from the gifts, and from the firstling, we don’t give gits for there can be no sanctity that occur to something [already] holy.

אחד שוחט את כולן פוטרים לו אחד – that it is impossible that the firstiling would not be one of them, and he is able to say, “this is it.”

צריך שירשום – that he should make on it a sign, that everyone will understand that the Kohen or the heathen have a joint-ownership in it.

ואם אמר לו – if the Kohen told the Israelite: “I am selling you this cow, except for the [priestly] gifts that are within it.

פטור – the Israelite [is exempt] from giving the [priestly] gifts.

אמר לו – An Israelite [said] to his fellow, a slaughterer: “See me the intestines of this cow.

והיו בהן מתנות -, the stomach, which is one of the [priestly] gifts.

נותנו – takes this to the Kohen.

ואין המוכר מנכה לו מן הדמים – for the purchaser knows that the [priestly] gifts are there, and this one did not sell him the stomach.

לקח הימנו במשקל – So many Litra (pounds)., and he weighed for him the stomach and the purchaser gave it to the Kohen, for it was something stolen with him and he needed to return it, and the butcher would deduct for him from the monies, for he sold a thing that is not his. But if the ritual slaughterer sinned and did not give the [priestly] gifts from the animal,the eat is not forbidden for eating. But we excommunicate him. For even a Kohen who is exempt from the [priestly] gifts, if he is a butcher, that slaughters and sells it in the marketplace, we wait for him two or three weeks, and from then onwards, we remove from it the [priestly] gifts and give them to other Kohanim. But if he established a butcher house, we don’t wait for him, but rather remove it from him immediately bbut if he did not want to give them, we excommunicate him.

מן הפרק של ארכובה (from the joint of the knee to the shoulder-blade of the forefoot) – which is sold with the head.

עד כף של יד (until the palm of the hand) – a wide bone of the shoulder that we call ASPALDONE. And they are two bones. The middle bone which is from the joint of the knee to the shoulder blade of the forefoot which is sold with the head until the place that is opposite in the known camel. And the upper bone that is attached to the body. And the right foreleg alone is what they give to the Kohen, as it is written (Deuteronomy 18:3): “[he] must give the shoulder, [the cheeks and the stomach] to the priest,”ץ the dexterous part of the forearm.

והוא של נזיר – meaning to say, and similarly (Numbers 6:19): “[The priest shall take] the shoulder [of the ram] when it has been boiled,” that is mentioned regarding the Nazir, such is taken

וכנגדו ברגל שוק – that is stated regarding the offering of well-being–peace offering – these are two bones from the joint of the knee to the shoulder blade of the forefoot until the thickest part of the flank (i.e., the thigh, hip) which is all of the thigh.

סובך של רגל (the fleshy part of the leg–calf) – that is the joint that is between the thigh-bone and the middle bone. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.

הפרק של לחי – near the temples and cuts it towards downward.

עד פיקח של גרגרת (protruding thyroid cartilage) – until the thyroid cartilage–Adam’s Apple which is the upper ring and the opening of the windpipe which is the lower jaw with the tongue. Another explanation: thyroid cartrilage is a large ring of the windpipe that is made round like a protruding cartilage, and the protruding cartilage is round like a ball and within it is a hole hat the women insert in the spindle to make it heavy when they spin with it.